Foreshadowing in To Build a Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

Foreshadowing in To Build a Fire   In the story To Build a Fire by Jack London, bespeak is often used. In this story foreshadowing is an effective way to build up a climax. The foreshadowing is both sh own by the purlieu and things the char solveers say.   An casing of environmental foreshadowing was when it said, Fifty degrees below zero stood for a bite of frost that hurt and that must be guarded against.... Another example was when the mans fire was blotted out. These examples show that the cold will be the mans doom, but foreshadow only by telling the necessary details.   A major point of foreshadowing was what the oldtimer told the man. The oldtimer told the man that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below. If the man would create listened, he could have survived. Because he didnt listen he lost his life.   In conclusion, if you read this story carefully you will pick up the small hints and know the outcome of the story. This similarly shows that foreshadowing can be direct statements or simple statements of fact.   Self Confidence   Once a mans self confidence is shaken, it becomes increasingly difficult to act rationally.   If you are in a life or death situation, every decision you experience stacks the odds either for or against you. Once you make a few bad decisions, you realize that your chances for survival are getting slimmer and slimmer. As this fact settles into your conscious mind, it produces panic. fear is what happens when the brain cant handle the information it is given. Panic takes over rationality, and as a result, you do and say things that are uncharacteristic of you. Panic destroys your self confidence.   In Jack Londons short story To Build a Fire the reader watches a mans mental condition go from high to devastatingly low. At the first of the story, he is very self confident in his own abilities. This is evident by the way he keeps saying the he will be in camp by six.   Also, when one suddenly becomes physically handicapped, and abilities that he depends on and previously took for granted are not available to him, he tends to act very insecurely and unstably.

Use of Irony in A Tale of Two Cities :: Tale Two Cities Essays

Use of Irony in A Tale of ii Cities   In A Tale of Two Cities, the author, Charles Dickens, uses a great deal of irony in the scuttle chapter to draw the reader into the story. By using a slew of contradictory statements in the opening paragraph, the author forces the reader to further investigate the meaning of the cryptic opening line It was the best of times, it was the worst of times... As the reader continues, he finds that the story is a dramatization of the circumstances surrounding London and Paris during the time period of the French Revolution.   The historical record of the conditions of life in France and England during the French Revolution were equivalent to the ways they are described in the story. Life for the nobles or higher class people was exquisite, while the lower class was crawling in poverty. pile were constantly being nagged by thieves and petty criminals, causing the state of life in those two countries to be especially unbalanced.   To begin the story, the author uses a foresighted paragraph almost perfectly describing life in Europe during the late 1700s. However, the paragraph consists of nothing however seemingly absurd statements about the spring of fancy and the winter of despair. By writing phrases such as ...it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness..., the author brings an ironic feeling to the whole story. Of course, the seasons of Light and Darkness could never coincide, but in France and Englands situation during the time period of the story, that is exactly what life is like for the people living there.   Through the use of self-contradiction in the first chapter, readers are equal to understand the plight of the countries of France and England in a darkly humorous way.

Clear Liquid Thought: The Photographs of Jim Dine Essay -- Photography

Clear Liquid Thought The Photographs of Jim DineThe camera sees even beyond the visual consciousness.--Ralph Eugene MeatyardArgument The Photographic UnconsciousIn his article Photographie avant analyse1 photography critic Franois Soulages discussesthe reciprocal influence between photography (as an emerging technology in the nineteenthcentury) and the study of the unconscious mind mind mind (prior to the invention of psychoanalysis). To whatextent, he asks, did a new technology such as photography enlighten, modify, or enrich theunderstanding of the unconscious? And, conversely, how did what he calls the hypothesis of theunconscious allow for a better understanding of a new technology? These questions, inherent inthe beginnings of photography and essentially linked to its role in the intelligence of thevisible and the invisible body, have gained considerable importance today.The photographic works I will discuss here participate in our understanding of theunconscious in a parado xical way, since they do not imply disclosing images of the artistsunconscious specifically encoded into symbolic meaning. On the contrary, my concern is withthese works potential to generate visual equivalents of national life perceptions in a variety ofpuzzling formal patterns whose disclosure of meaning is cunningly deferred. The photographiccompositions of Jim Dine are not narratives of inner life, tho forms of visual experience thatinform our ways of thinking the unconscious.------------------------------------1 Franois Soulages, Photographie avant analyse, Photographie et inconscient (31-35). In this study,Soulage primarily deals with the beginnings of photography and with its paradoxical uses in psychiatry... ...rundberg, Andy. Now, the Cameras Eye Turns interior, in The spic-and-span York Times, May 28.1989.Hamon, Philippe. Imageries.Littrature et image au XIXe sicle. Paris Jos Corti, 2001.------------------------------------19 The phrase used in the cognomen of this a rticle is coined after the title of one of Dines black-and-whitephotogravure prints, Clear Liquid Talking, 1996.Krauss, Rosalind.The Optical Unconscious. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 1993.Meatyard, Ralph Eugene. Caught Moments -- New Viewpoints. Exhibition catalogue. LondonOlympus Gallery, 1983.Powers, Richard. Three Framers on Their Way to a Dance. New York W. Morrow, 1985.Sibony, Daniel. Une technique de linstant ou la machine clicher, La Recherchephotographique 7 (1990)Soulages, Franois. Photographie avant analyse, Photographie et inconscient, Soulages ed.Paris Osiris, 1986.

Why Isnt Consciousness Empirically Observable? Emotional Purposes As Basis For Self-Organization :: Logic Philosophy

Why Isnt Consciousness Empirically Observable? Emotional Purposes As Basis For Self-OrganizationABSTRACT Most versions of the experience argument say that if a scientist observing my brain does not know what my ken is like, then sentience is not identical with physical brain processes. This unwarrantedly equates physical with empirically observable. However, we can conclude only that awareness is not identical with anything empirically observable. Still, given the intimate connection amongst each conscious event (C) and a corresponding empirically observable physiological event (P), what P-C relation could render C empirically imperceptible? nearly suggest that C is a relation among Ps which is distinguishable because it is multi-realizable that is, C could have been realized by P2 rather than P1 and still have been the same relation. C might even be a self-organizing process, appropriating and replacing its own material substrata. How can this account explain the empirical un observability of consciousness? Because the emotions motivating attention direction, partly constitutive of phenomenal states, are executed, not undergone, by organisms. Organisms-self-organizing processes actively appropriating their needed physical substrata-feel motivations by generating them. Thus, experiencing someones consciousness entails executing his or her motivations. That there is something empirically unobservable about phenomenal consciousness follows from a modified knowledge argument. Traditional versions (Jackson 1986 Robinson 1982 Noren 1979) hold that if experiencing were equivalent with physical brain states, then complete empirical knowledge of brain states should constitute knowledge of everything about my experiencing but complete empirical knowledge of brain states would not constitute knowledge of everything about experiencing (those alone wouldnt light upon what its like to have that experience) therefore, experiencing is not equivalent with physical brai n states. This argument can be criticized for unwarrantedly assuming that everything physical is empirically observable (from an experimenters standpoint). E.g., Jackson assumes that the what its like aspect isnt expressible in physical language (291), but the reason for granting this assumption is that what its like is inexpressible in terms of possible empirical observations. Without the assumption that everything physical is empirically observable, we can conclude, not that consciousness is non-physical (since there might be physical processes that are observationally inaccessible), but simply that consciousness isnt identical with anything empirically observable. Still, given the intimate connection between each conscious event (C) and a corresponding empirically observable physiological event (P), what P-C relationship could render C empirically unobservable? If identical, they should be equally observable. I.e., if P EO and C not-EO, then PC.

Big Mikes Perspective in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places :: essays research papers

One of the events that stuck out to me from this confine is when Le Ly agrees to have sex with an American soldier for $400, nearly eighty quantify what the usual Danang prostitute gets for the same service. The person that I see as responsible for this event is salient Mike, an American MP. Here is his side of the storyI had been dealing with this crap my whole life, whenever somebody needs something they call me, Big Mike. Most of the time its subtile because I can get a cleanly profit from my dealings. Sometimes, like today, I end up losing out on more than profits. To start from the beginning, I was working over at the Freedom hoagy talking shop with some of the Marines, when these 2 kids who look to be about my sons age walk up with a colonel. The colonel introduces them as Privates Williams and Jensen, and says they are on their way back Stateside. He also adds that they have had a handsome dreary tour and our looking for something fun before they have to go stem to t heir girlfriends and wives. The colonel looked straight at me when he said that last part and I realized that it was going to be my job to go find some bum bum for these two bums. Wanting to impress the colonel I stepped up with a big inexpensive grin on my face, I think I catch your drift Colonel, sir. permit me take care of these Privates. A few of the surrounding officers laughed at my innuendo, precisely the two privates just smiled sheepishly to each other. The colonel smiled, agreed, and handed me a skunk of bills to pay for their good time. It added up to four hundred dollars, more than replete for the thirty minutes they had before they had to be on the plane home.I started to deviate the hangar with them and walk towards the Hoa Phat bar, which I knew to have a few nice clean girls. As we started walking I noticed a familiar innovation with a red bucket standing by the gate. It was Le Ly, a black marketeer that I turned a blind eye to in the past(a) in exchange for choice weed and Chinese jade. Now present was a pretty, clean girl. With the boys only having about twenty-five minutes before they had to control panel the plane I decided to try and bargain with her.Big Mikes Perspective in When Heaven and Earth Changed Places essays research papersOne of the events that stuck out to me from this book is when Le Ly agrees to have sex with an American soldier for $400, about eighty times what the usual Danang prostitute gets for the same service. The person that I see as responsible for this event is Big Mike, an American MP. Here is his side of the storyI had been dealing with this crap my whole life, whenever somebody needs something they call me, Big Mike. Most of the time its nice because I can get a tidy profit from my dealings. Sometimes, like today, I end up losing out on more than profits. To start from the beginning, I was working over at the Freedom Mill talking shop with some of the Marines, when these two kids who look to be about my sons age walk up with a colonel. The colonel introduces them as Privates Williams and Jensen, and says they are on their way back Stateside. He also adds that they have had a pretty dreary tour and our looking for something fun before they have to go home to their girlfriends and wives. The colonel looked straight at me when he said that last part and I realized that it was going to be my job to go find some bum bum for these two bums. Wanting to impress the colonel I stepped up with a big cheesy grin on my face, I think I catch your drift Colonel, sir. Let me take care of these Privates. A few of the surrounding officers laughed at my innuendo, but the two privates just smiled sheepishly to each other. The colonel smiled, agreed, and handed me a wad of bills to pay for their good time. It added up to four hundred dollars, more than enough for the thirty minutes they had before they had to be on the plane home.I started to leave the hangar with them and walk towards the Hoa Phat bar, which I knew to have a few nice clean girls. As we started walking I noticed a familiar figure with a red bucket standing by the gate. It was Le Ly, a black marketeer that I turned a blind eye to in the past in exchange for choice weed and Chinese jade. Now here was a pretty, clean girl. With the boys only having about twenty-five minutes before they had to board the plane I decided to try and bargain with her.

Life :: essays research papers

OutlineThesis This background, together with a believable temporary hookup, convert display caseization, and important literary devices, enables D. H. Lawrence in esteem and the Desperate woman to develop the issue that real men dotake responsibility.I.D. H. Lawrences background ascertaind him to write the short report card,Jimmy and the Desperate Woman.A.One important influence on the story is his parents.B.In addition to his parents, another influence on the story is arelationship that he had with his wife.II.To develop this theme, Lawrence creates a believable plot.A.Primarily, this plot is believable because Jimmy, the protagonist, faces a psychological conflict.B.In addition to a realistic conflict, this plot is likewise believablebecause Lawrence uses a determinant ending to reinforce thetheme of the story.III.Along with a believable plot, Lawrence further develops the theme ofJimmy and the Desperate Woman by convincing characterization ofthe protagonist, Jimmy.A.Jimmy i s a convincing character because he consistently isseeking the right female relationship.B.In addition, Jimmy is convincing character because his love forClarissa motivates him to keep on searching.C.Finally, Jimmy is a convincing character because he is lifelike.IV.Importantly, Lawrence develops the theme of Jimmy and theDesperateWoman by using significant literary devices.A.One of these devices is symbolismB.In addition to symbolism, Lawrence also uses irony to developthe theme.V.After analyzing how the authors background, the plot, thecharacterization, and the literary devices contribute to thedevelopment of the theme of Jimmy and the Desperate Woman,one understands why this story evaluate high on the literary scale ofvalue.A.One apprehension that this story rates high is that its purpose is toprovide pleasure plus understanding.B.Another reason that this story rates high on the scale of value isthat Lawrence achieves the purpose of the story byprovidingpleasure plus understand ing.A Critical Analysis of Jimmy and the Desperate Womanby D. H. LawrenceD. H. Lawrences background influenced him to write the short story,Jimmy and the Desperate Woman. One important influence on the storyis his parents. Lawrence was born in Eastwood, Notting Hamshire, onSeptember 11, 1885 (The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography,Tedlock 369). Lawrences stick started working in the coal mines when hewas just a child. His father was a coal miner with very little education. Hedid not care about getting on in the world and like a good time with hisfriends at the pub (Artist and Rebel, Tedlock 1). On the other hand, his cause was a middle class woman who was a teacher. The reason why D.H. Lawrence mother chose her husband was because of his physicalcharm. Lawrences mother did not want any of her children growing up to

Don’t Waste Your Life

Piper, john. Dont waste Your Life. Wheaton, Illinois Cross Way Books2003, Pgs 191. Since 1980, John Piper has been the pastor for preaching at Bethlehem Baptist Church in the heart of Minneapolis. Purpose of this Book and Summary The main purpose for which John Piper wrote this admit was to help Christians and non Christians to not waste their lives (1 Corinthians 619-20). John Piper wants all people to know the purpose for which they were created and to live for it. Furthermore, John Piper tells us that we fit to God we do not belong to ourselves because God bought us at a price.It is not all about how to avoid a wounded life but how to avoid a excess life. The Bible is crystal-clear God created us for his glory. Thus says the Lord Bring my sons from afar and my daughters from the ends of the earth, everyone who is called by name, whom I created for my glory (Isaiah 436-7). Life is nasal when we do not live for the glory of God. The Bible says that, you can give away all that yo u have and deliver your body to be burned and have not relish (1 Corinthians 133). If you dont point people to God for everlasting joy, you dont love. You waste your live.The opposite of wasting life, is the living life by a single God-exalting, soul-satisfying passion. The well-lived life must be God-exalting and soul-satisfying because that is why God created us (Isaiah 437 Psalm 9014). Oh, how many lives ar wasted by people who believe that the Christian live means simply avoiding badness and providing for family. So, there is no adultery, no stealing, no killing, no embezzlement, no fraud, on the dot lots of hard work during the day, and lots of television and videos, and lots of fun stuff on the weekend, woven around church (mostly).This is life fore millions of people. indolent life. We are created for more, far more If we desire that there be no boasting except in the cross, then we must live near the cross, thus we must live on the cross (Gal 614). Boasting in the cross happens when you are on the cross (Gal 219-20). I have been crucified with Christ, it is no longer I who live but Christ who lives in me. And the life and now live in the flesh I live by creed in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. Living magnify Christ is costly. This is not surprising. He was crucified.He calls us to follow him. If anyone will come after me, let him retract himself and take up his cross and follow me (Mark 834). A life devoted to making oftentimes of Christ is costly. If our single, all-embracing passion is to make such(prenominal) of Christ in life and decease, and if the life that magnifies him most is the life of costly love, then life is risk, and risk is right. To run from it is to waste your life. Major Themes Some of the themes discussed in this book boasting only on the cross, the blazing center of the glory God, better to lose your life than to waste it.John Piper presented these themes beautifully under fascinating sub topics in the book each of which warms up the heart and also challenges not to waste his or her life. There is really no story bloodline from my point of view, but that change the fact that the themes have been treated through well organized thoughts. Evaluation Dont Waste Your Life to me is classic. I say so because, when you read each page, you tone of voice like you are not living up to expectation, it like you are not doing as much as you ought to be doing.The book is so inspiring so much so that it gives a new challenge, and rekindles a dying zeal. The book makes one feel like one needs to rededicate his life to Christ and start afresh. John Piper makes one feel if a second chance to natural again physically in order to make up for the wasted years, one would hesitate to grasp that chance. The book does not leave anyone indifferent, whether believers or unbelievers. The book addresses every society and culture, that is, it applies across cultures.The syllogism in the introduction of c hapter five that says If our single all-embracing passion is to make much of Christ in life and death and if the life that magnifies Him most is the life of costly love, then risk is right. To run from it is to waste your life. This syllogism seems to me to be the core of Johns thought in this book. Those who figure that Christianity is bed of roses can get from this book with biblical backings that there also the aspects of suffering in it. Application This book was like a reminder to me, from now, I know that I must be accountable as to how I use or spend my time.I have come to realize that there are thing s one may be doing thinking that they are important thinks in the side of God, just to realize after that it was a aggregate waste of time. For example, the numerous church programs that we have that do not readily point people to Christ, rather, some even discourage people from following Christ. I will not waste my life. I recommend this book to all Christians regardless of t heir positions in Church. This book will be of help to non-Christians as well.

Personal Academic Goals

The National Center for Education Statistics did a study on pay comparison between graduate and non-graduate stoolers. The study indicates that college graduates get stipendiary an average of 38% more compare to those non-graduates. Therefore, finishing college is as important and should be a goal for most individuals if not everyone. My three personal schoolman goals that hope to achieve as a student here at the university are to earn a degree in management, learn how it affects roductivity in the body of work and as well to improve written and oral communication skills.Understanding that going to college and graduate from it is no simple task. It involves numerous moving parts and those parts need to work together in harmony to achieve personal pedantic goals. Some of those moving parts that need enhancing are personnel responsibility, epoch management, written, and oral In my 24 years of military service, I did not lay down advantage of communications. acquiring a formal education even though the military provides the opportunities and environment to take college courses and get a degree.When I was in the military, my priorities were more focus on getting the Job done making sure that military personnel get their personal records corrected and updated, get paid correctly and on time, provide briefs, submit reports, and conduct different types of trainings. After retiring from the military, my priority changes and donnish achiever is in the front of it. By using my military educational benefits (GI bill) entitlement to jump start my desire to pursue higher learning and hoping to acquire a degree in management here at the university.The Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U) researchers at the University of Michigan Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education (Eric Dey, 2008) that in categories they surveyed students and professionals strongly agree that personal responsibility should be a major focus of a college education. The same study in like manner demonstrates that 40% of college students acquire or receive personal responsibility while in college pursuing a degree.To me, personal responsibility is to admit and accept that no one is perfect, will make mistakes, take ownership of my actions, seek assistance when eeded, learn from it, and correct it. Time management is also important to students academic goals, personal life, and career success. Setting short-term and semipermanent goals are an integral part of time management. In the book Becoming a Master Student (Dave Ellis, 2011, p. 61), emphasizes that students have enough time for the things they want to accomplish.It takes idea about possibilities and making conscious choices (p. 61). Students know that there are 24 hours in a day and 168 hours in a week, no more no less. By making conscious effort to write down hould help meet deadline and task. As a student, I need to recognize that procrastination is the foeman of time ma nagement fight it, destroy it, and stop it now Managing and following time management diligently with no hesitation is a model for success for students to follow.Another key element to personal academic success is the importance of improving ones written and oral communication skills are vital in the workplace. The utilization of computers has been the sterling(prenominal) force for change in the environment and activities of an organization (Uhlig, 1977). Electronic evices, such as computers have been increasingly used as a medium in written and oral communications in the world of business today. To succeed, I have to learn the foundations of basic writing, grammar, and speaking in front of people.I must also understand that communications skills are a necessity and important in the business world not only in todays environment but also in the future, In conclusion, there are no shortcuts to academic success and that graduating from college are extremely difficult and time consumi ng. By improving, mastering, and applying acquired skills n personal responsibility, time management, oral, and written communications can prepare me to succeed in academic settings.Investing time, attention, patience, and perseverance must be the focal point of emphasis in achieving my academic goals. It is time to learn, conquer fear, fght procrastination, and enjoy every moment of it.

The Curriculum-What Is To Be Taught?

In making instructional decisions the instructors must consider the following factors which include what is to be taught, how it should be taught and the students needs. John Dewey was very instrumental in bringing the concept of decision making theory into the educational field. He further presented it in a process that was known as the reflective thinking which involved four phases which are the problem phase, the criteria phase, the solution phase, and finally the implementation phase. (Auerbach, 2003)The Curriculum-What Is To Be Taught? Is the program guaranteed such that is it taught in a way that it was intended? Is the curriculum viable such that it can be adequately addressed in the time purchasable? Is the curriculum rigorous such that it ensures that all the students areas have been adequately challenged? Is the curriculum relevant such that it fosters smooth transitions between the elementary schools, the middle schools, the high schools, the posture secondary schools a nd later to the world of work?Are the decisions about the curriculum uniformly applied to all the students? Is there a lot of emphasis on mastering predetermined and common curricular objectives? Is the curriculum used standard for all the students? Is the curriculum relevant to the students? Does the curriculum have an outline that allows for the differences in the students backgrounds, abilities interests and introductory knowledge and for the differences in the expectations from the community?

Sir, Gawain’s Traits

Gawains rise to the game. Arthurian legends are medieval romances that assure wondrous tales of fantasy and valiancy. The chivalric code of knights was highly revered as a way of life. This code of bravery honor and onlyegiance was followed by any knight and royal in the medieval ages. Sir Gawain and the Green knight is a medieval romance that demonstrates Sir Gawains demonstrations and lack there of chivalry through his bravery, loyalty and honor. However he follows the code of chivalry more so than breaking it.One of Gawains traits that made him a model of chivalry is his bravery in the suit of danger. Gawain was ready to take the challenge of the green knight and save his king from it as soon as he could. Command me to step down from the tree stump and take this game. (ML 123-124) King Arthur was the only knight to step up to the challenge, and seeing this wanting to protect him Sir Gawain decides to take the game from him. only you as my uncle have I any honor. (ML138) In this situation, Gawain is also being loyal to his king and uncle by saving his life in taking the game. Gawain shows both modesty and hid courtesy towards his tycoon all just moments from he shows his bravery. That I might without bad manners move down from my place (though I couldnt if my liege lady dislike it) (ML 128-129). Gawain is saying that he will listen to whatever his queen says to do, regardless of the situation he is in. Before he takes the challenge of the knight Gawain states My life would be the least missed if. (Ml 137) Gawain, while sounding somewhat critical of himself, is actually demonstrating his great sense of modesty during the story Honor is a trait that is not found very much in this day and age. In the end, the lord of the castle discovers that not even Gawain was honorable to him. You have failed me in our exchange, so Ive trapped you here, that sash you wear by your scabbard belongs to me (ML348-350). Another trait that is highly regarded in this day an d age is faith. There is faith in religion, faith in yourself, or even faith in objects.Gawain puts faith in a magical green sash that is enchanted and would save his life. (67) In conclusion, Gawain follows the code of chivalry and makes a worthy knight of the crook table. Granted that some of the traits of chivalry are not his strong suit, Gawain still follows true to the almighty code that all of the knights follow. Any mistake that Sir Gawain made during this he was either forgiven for, or they went unnoticed, given that this is straying from the code, in the end Gawain is still the most worthy knight of the round table.

Economic Theory Essay

Two of the primary tasks in the world of stintings be prediction and evaluation. This assignment illustrates, at a rudimentary level, how works, techniques and rules constructed or borrowed from Economic Theory or other Sciences respectively atomic number 18 procedured to help accomplish these tasks. To do so, we consider a standard theoretical model of consumer choices in an economy in which the only activity is the exchange of goods.Due to the above-mentioned we potful say that the most powerful technique habitd to predict the consequences of policies or proximo trends is modeling. A model is an abstraction intended to convey the essence of some particular aspect of the real world. approximately economical models assume the human race of adequate information, yet information is a costly and scarce resource. Good models predict advantageously enough to increase our understanding of certain situations, even though they may non predict them perfectly and there may be rela ted situations in which the same models do not predict as well as expected. Last but not least there are models that constructed without using any numerical data these are based entirely on economic theory.We shall begin by looking at some of the ways in which look forward toing techniques can help us to predict future trends. Most business and economic decisions rest upon forecasts of future conditions. Methods of forecasting may be roughly categorized as follows* Opinion polling* Mechanical extrapolations* Barometric techniques* Statistical and econometric methodsFinally, forecasting techniques vary widely in their accuracy and sophistication. The most accurate technique is to be preferred, subject to the availability of data, expertise and finance and to the nature of theforecast required.OPINION POLLINGThe assumption here is that by asking people who are likely to be directly involved, such as consumers or the gross sales force, attitudes and credits which advert economic de cisions can be assessed and predicted in advance. Opinion polling is a subjective method of forecasting made up largely of a weighted or unweighted averaging of expectations and attitudes.This general idea of developing informed and deliberated polling sagacity has had a relatively length history successful experimentation beginning roughly during the 1970s in the U.S.A. In statistics polling is about probability sampling. A good polllocates people who fairly represent the population were interested inasks them fair, comprehensible and serviceable questionscalculates results fairly, without reaching beyond the dataandis reported so people can understand where it does and does not apply.The importance of opinion polling and the way it can be make is shown in the below FigureOpinion polling is a very powerful technique used to predict future trends. Based upon probability sampling it can give people many answers upon many problems in the society. Depending on the size of the sample , the results are relatively accurate, scientific representation of the entire publics considered opinion on perplexing issues.Today there are a lot of companies which provide a wide variety of consultancy services and offer top prime(prenominal) research based solutions to their clients problems. They also provide full service market research process, from defining research objectives through analysis and presentation of data. To achieve their goals they use research methodologies, advanced statistical analysis and strategic relevant and decision reports. Their credibility and reputation is reflected in the fact that their publicly released findings are regularly quoted by the media (press, radio and television). Additionally, these companies are leading agencies in Socio-Political public opinion polls and Political Candidate Evaluation research.Another aspect of opinion polling is exit-poll. For example scientists use exit-poll method to predict who is going to win in elections. The exit-poll method is not 100% accurate, but the error amidst the real results and the ones from exit-poll is very-very small. petition a small sample of population inside a society it can predict whether the conservative of socialist party is going to be elected.Finally, opinion polling is also used by companies to know which product of theirs is more consumed by people. Asking a small sample of people using questionnaires (more often) they can cognise which product of theirs is more consumed by people, which product are less consumed and tries to find means of improvement for others.MECHANICAL EXTRAPOLATIONSThis is probably the most frequently adopted method of forecasting. It involves the basic assumption that past patterns of economic behavior continues to the extent that past behavior can be used to predict the future. It has the attraction of also creation relatively cheap in that the company is likely to posses most of the relevant historical information. Last but not l east, the mechanical methods of forecasting rely on future conditions being an extent of past ones.Also, this method might consist of taking a time series of historical sales figures, and fitting a trend line to it by eye as shown in the figure belowThis can then be used to read off sales predictions for the required future dates.To produce this line between the dependent and independent variables of data, as shown in the above figure, the ordinary least-squares (OLS) technique uses a numeric facial expression to illustrate this line. However, the technique also produces a measure of the explanatory power of the consanguinity on the basis of the relationships observed in the original data. A mathematical formula for producing this line isWhere a and b in this equation have been estimated using regression analysis (a set of statistical techniques used to quantify the relationship between two or more variables).BAROMETRIC TECHNIQUESIn addition with mechanical extrapolations, baromet ric techniques assume that present happenings can give an indication of future events. Also, this technique is based on the observation that there are lagged relationships between many economic time series.Moreover, to give an indication of future events, there are three types of indicators as far as economic activity. Leading indicators are those which tend to herald future changes in the course of business activity. Coincident indicators assume in step with the cycle examples of these might include aggregate levels of sales, employment and industrial production. Finally, there are lagging indicators, which trail behind the level of economic activity.Although it is possible to isolate various leading indicators the direction of movements in each does not presage movements in economic activity with complete accuracy. The reason is that the lead-time between their behavior and the ensuing change in economic activity is not likely to be constant.Nowadays, many companies who want to s ee which of their product is more consumed by people, they make a statistical figure in order to calculate this. Using barometric techniques they can find which product of theirs is more consumed by people, which is not going too well and try to give improvements for others. So, they can indicate from present happenings, how a product can be in the future.STATISTICAL AND econometric METHODSScience is given as truth ascertained by observation, experiment, and induction. The purpose of science known as statistics is to provide the means for measuring the summation of subjectivity that goes into the scientists conclusions and thus to separate science from opinion. Hence, statistical and econometric methods, similar to those used in time series regression can be used to analyze the economic relationships between variables.Many of the firms forecasting problems can be solved with a single equation econometric model. Laws of probability are applied to this model in order to determine wha t chances are for the various possible outcomes of the experiment. The first step in the construction of such a model is to specify the hypotheses, which purport to explain the relationships between the variables. Hypothesis testing is the process of inferring from a sample (a collection of some elements of a population) whether or not to have a bun in the oven a certain statement about the population. The statement itself is called the hypothesis. When the model is constructed it gives the businessman the opportunity of experimenting to test the predicted results of various strategies.There is a vast variety of companies oblation a full-service marketresearch which means the capability to successfully undertake any research project from the conceptual stage through the design, data collection, tabulation, analysis, adaptation of findings, recommendations, and presentation. The projects they undertake span a broad array of industries, types of studies, experimental designs and an alytical statistical techniques. They are skilled in the wide variety of quantitative and soft techniques, providing their clients with a seamless connection between all phases of the research program. Their full range of custom research for Consumer and Business to Business research includes the following* tracking studies* Product testing* Taste testing* Home-use tests* Advertising research* Strategic research* Product Positioning research* Concept tests* Customer satisfaction tests* etcetera

Alcohol and Advertising Essay

Alcohol is non often thought of as a drug largely be casing its use is common land for both religious and social purposes in most parts of the world. It is a drug, however, and compulsive beverage in excess has become one of modern associations most serious problems (ARF). This is so true because more peck preceptort consider intoxicant a drug but the make it has on you argon so serious that it should be. The effects of alcohol addiction do not depend on the type of alcoholic beverage but quite a on the amount of alcohol consumed on a specific occasion (ARF).To give you a background on alcohol, here is a quick refresher on how it works and the effects it has on your body. Alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the melodic linestream from the small intestine, and less rapidly from the hold out and colon. The drinkers blood alcohol concentration depends on the amount consumed in a given time, the drinkers size, sex, body build, and metabolism, and the type and amount of foo d in the stomach (ARF). The effects of alcohol be very f decentening to fifty-fifty consider.They depend on the amount taken at one time, the users past times drug experience, the manner in which the drug is taken and the circumstances under which the drug is taken (ARF). At 50mg you experience mild intoxication which includes a opinion of warmth, skin flushed impaired judgment and decreased inhibitions (ARF). From there you can go all the instruction down to 500mg which leave more than likely cause death. It is an extremely scary thought to know that a substance that can cause death is take overly announced on telly so that steady our children can see it.In fact, they are the coffin nails of some manufacturers marketing. In this paper we will show you both sides of whether alcohol companies should be allowed to advertise on goggle box or not and then give you our conclusion. No Alcohol Advertising Should Not Be Allowed On Television Alcohol companies should not be allow ed to advertise on television. In todays society, more and more children are spending all of their free time in front of a television. They dont go outside and play allmore, they just come home from school and flip on Jerry Springer or a soap opera.Adults submit to take the responsibility to protect children from undue influences as much as they can. Banning alcohol advertisements would be a simple way to help this process. In a recent study through by the Center for Media Education (CME), they found that many alcohol companies actually target jejuneness even though it is illegal for them to drink. Companies use such things as car in additionns, personalities, language, music, or branded merchandise popular in youth culture or which would be particularly pickings to college or high-school-aged students (CME).This shows a blatant attempt on their part to recruit new consumers who are underage. There have been previous attempts to check-out procedure alcohol companies from target ing youth such as the Voluntary Alcohol Advertising Standards for Children Act, but that is just the thing, it is voluntary. This is a try at making themselves look responsible but they unruffled authentically arent. This Act pressures broadcasters to simply not run alcohol advertisements. It shouldnt be the responsibility of the broadcasters to filter what goes on the air.Alcohol companies should not waste their property making these ads to begin with. Instead, they unavoidableness to target a more mature audience who have the right to consume their products. The beer and liquor companies claim they dont target youth but how can that be when you see the Budweiser frogs or the Coors Tap the Rockies campaigns or Seagrams dogs and Hiram Walkers Kahlua Mudslide (Hacker). Many of these companies have, in the past, even advertised on the youth-oriented MTV. Anheuser-Busch just recently pulled their ads off MTV.Why did it take 10 years since age-21 became the law of the land for the w orlds largest brewer to stop competing for attention on MTV with ads for pimple control products and sports equipment (Hacker)? Indeed the curtilage is that even young children are aware of alcohol advertisements and tend to remember them. Manufacturers further strangle the chances of young people failing to get the message by sponsorship of sports teams and events and music concerts having particular appeal to the young (IAS).Today, kids are bombarded by more than $700 million in beer, wine, and liquor ads on radio and television. Those ads encourage them to drink, and they bolster unacceptable directs of alcohol consumption among young people and the problems that go with it (Hacker). When considering the Budweiser frogs, a recent study by the San Francisco-based Center on Alcohol Advertising tested commercial and character recall among 9-11 year olds.The results the children demonstrated higher recall (73%) of the Budweiser frogs slogan than of the slogans associated with som e other television animal characters, including Tony the Tiger (57%), Smokey the Bear (43%), and the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (39%). Only Bugs Bunny did slightly better, at 80% recall of Eh, whats up doc? Overall, 81% of the children surveyed identified beer as the product promoted by the frogs (Hacker). This is a scary revelation, that our children know more about beer ads than the cartoon characters who promote good products.There are too many people who are hurting themselves and others as a result of alcohol abuse. In the past, there have been studies done that find there is goose egg wrong with alcohol companies advertisement on TV, but a study done by the Marin fetch found differently. Until now, most of the studies done on the qualified conclude that alcohol denote doesnt affect drinking behavior, says Henry Saffer, research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, The alcohol sedulousness uses these studies to bolster its argument that advertise onl y induces people to switch brands.These studies keep coming and find nothing because they set themselves up to find nothing (Abramson). The NIAAA estimates that 14 million Americans meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence and about 100,000 Americans die each year from alcohol-related injuries, one-fourth of them on the highways (Abramson). Granted that these are not just children but they had to start somewhere too and more than likely they began drinking at a young age. One way to help reduce these injuries and deaths is to create counter-ads.Consumption decreases as the level of counter-advertising rises. Counter-advertising could be funded by taxing alcohol advertising (Abramson). The study done by Saffer at the Marin Institute was a long one, it took three years to complete. Most researchers have little money and use inexpensive or free data on alcohol advertising expenditures that bill advertising at the national level with little annual change, says Saffe r. I was able to obtain quarterly data that appeal more than $25,000 from 75 cities, and that made all the difference (Abramson).With all of his resources he was able to come to some concrete results using a proven theory. Saffer utilise a theory known as the advertising response function, which says that consumption rises as advertising increases, bus as advertising reaches the point of saturation, consumption tapers off. To measure consumption, he used highway fatalities, more than 40 pct of which involve alcohol consumption (Abramson). Saffers statistical analyses of advertising expenditures showed that decreasing alcohol advertising reduces highway fatalities (Abramson).Another survey done by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation gave remarkable results. An overwhelming majority of Americans say they are worried about teenage drinking and would support tough measures to help curb the problem (New and Views). One particular finding was very interesting in that it said sixty-seven percent of Americans would support a ban on television advertising on liquor. If so many people want it, why isnt on its way to becoming a law? There are about 9 million drinkers under age 21 in the United States and half of them are binge drinkers.When they drink, teens increase their risk of violence, date rape, sexually transmitted diseases and injury or death in traffic accidents (wellness You). These kids had to learn it somewhere. Television is becoming a way of life for many teenagers and they take what is on it as the truth. For many of them, discerning between what is the truth and what is just great advertising becomes near im doable. They need help and it is our responsibility as adults to help them. There is legislation now from Representative Kennedy called the Childrens Protection from Alcohol Advertising Act.This would eliminate advertising and marketing practices that have the most impact on young people. Remaining ads would, for the foremost time, honestly reflect that alcohol is the number-three killer in America today, taking a toll of 100,000 lives yearly. Those ads would bear a rotating series of health and safety messages, reminding all viewers and listeners of some of the major risks related to drinking. In addition, alcoholic-beverage product labels, for the first time, would be required to reveal comprehensive, useful consumer information, such as ingredients, calories, and alcohol content, expressed in unit serving terms (Hacker).The bill would answer the concerns of many parents and adults who feel the alcohol companies go too far in targeting youths. Alcohol companies need to be more responsible for who they target and they should also be vigilant to handle the consequences of their actions as more and more people die as a result of their products. They are the ones that should be held accountable for the deaths of so many innocent(p) people. They also should include in their advertisements the real facts. Doing this may deter p eople from becoming alcohol abusers.The companies do not do this though, By definition, alcohol advertising is one-sided, avoiding any reference to the negative aspects of alcohol consumption (IAS). They need to tell the truth and the truth is that alcohol does no good for anyone, it only hurts and destroys people and the people around them. Yes Alcohol Advertising Should Be Allowed On Television Advertising increases alcohol consumption, which increases alcohol abuseright? WRONG. There is no solid evidence from either scientific research or practical experience that this theory of advertising is correct (Advertising Impact).Alcohol is a legal substance so why wouldnt it be allowed to be advertised on television? The First Amendment to the Constitution gives us the right to free speech. The American Advertising Federation opposes any effort to restrict truthful advertising about any product or service. The U. S. Supreme Court has affirmed that truthful commercial speech enjoys the free speech protections of the First Amendment including speech about so-called sin products. The governments right to ban a product does not give it the right to ban speech about the product (AAF).The AAF does not want restrictions to even begin, bans on advertising for one product or service inevitably will lead to bans on advertising for others. Censorship is contagious (AAF). There are some that believe that the advertising would be okay if they would agree to put warnings on the advertisements. The alcohol industry believes that the proposed requirement of warnings in alcohol advertisements is an infringement of their First Amendment rights (Kelly). The advertising the alcohol industry does do is simply to keep the customers they already have.The accent of alcohol advertising is to encourage existing drinkers to maintain their brand preference, or to switch brands, and that it is not intended to attract new customers (Kelly). Much of the debate concerns the possible effects o n children and young people. The Advertising Codes prohibit the specific targeting of minors (IAS). Most children who watch television may like the cartoon characters but that isnt going to make them go out and demand alcohol. They shouldnt be allowed or able to obtain it so it shouldnt really even outlet if they see the advertisements for it.The evidence also suggests that advertising is of less importance than other influences such as parental attitudes and example and peer group pressure (IAS). concluding Conclusions As you can see from our research, there is solid evidence that advertising alcohol on television needs to stop the way it is being done right now. There are entirely too many targets put onto young viewers. The industry may claim that it is not targeting them but there is really no explanation otherwise. Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) has come up with an exceptional set of rules for advertising alcohol on television. 1. potable alcohol advertising should not a. portray or encourage drinking by individuals under the age of 21 b. use celebrities, music stars, athletes, animals, cartoon characters or other language or images that have special appeal to youth c. depict sports, rock concerts, or other events with strong appeal to youth or d. target spring break activities or cultural, sporting, or marketing events where it can be anticipated that a majority of the audience will be made up of people under age 21. 2. drink alcohol advertising should not include the licensing of youth-oriented clothing or toys that feature alcohol brand names, logos, or championship characters. 2.Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray or encourage drinking by pregnant women or women who are seeking to become pregnant. 3. Beverage alcohol advertising should not model, suggest, or otherwise encourage heavy consumption. 4. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray or encourage drinking by alcoholics or other groups particularly vulnerable to alcoh ol abuse. 5. Beverage alcohol advertising should not state or imply that any level of alcohol consumption is risk-free or safe. 6. Beverage alcohol advertising should not associate alcohol consumption with high-risk activities or with situations that require alertness. 7.Beverage alcohol advertising should not depict revelry or hint at the possibility of inebriation. 8. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray drinking as a means to achieve popularity or social acceptance, sexual appeal, or social or financial status. 9. Beverage alcohol advertising should not portray drinking in association with sexual passion, promiscuity, or any other amorous activity as a consequence of or in association with alcohol consumption. These rules would be wonderful if the alcohol companies would follow them. But, with the First Amendment backing them up, they are not going to change the way they market without a fight.The cartoons are working for them, so why should they change? There is a gro wing problem in this country with underage and binge drinking and these advertisements are only adding to the problem. We need to stop the problem at its root, which would mean taking the Budweiser frogs off the air. This is a great step toward reducing alcohol related deaths and injuries and it isnt like the industry would be losing any money. They may even retain more profit because their advertising expense would be dramatically cut. We need to foil these advertisements now Bibliography American Advertising Federation (AAF).AAF Position Statement Alcohol Advertising Bans. Available http//www. aaf. org/bans. hypertext markup language Abramson, Hillary. The Marin Institute. Alcohol Ads Increase Drinking. Available http//www. marininstitute. org/saffer. html Addiction Research Foundation (ARF). Facts about Alcohol. Available http//www. arf. org/isd/pim/alcohol. html Advertising Impact on Alcohol Abuse. Available wysiwig//9/http//www2. potsdam. ed-info/Advertising/Advertising. html Center for Media Education (CME). Alcohol Advertising Targeted at Youth on the Internet An Update. Available http//tap. epn. org/cme/981218/alcrep. html Hacker, George.Center for intuition in the Public Interest. Available http//www. cspinet. org/booze/hacker. html Hacker, George. Press Conference on Alcohol Advertising Reforms. May 16, 1997. Available http//www. cspinet. org/booze/516state. html Health You. May/June 1998. Proms, Parents and Alcohol. Available http//www. lvhhn. org/healthy_you/magazine/proms_alcohol/ IAS. Available http//www. ias. org. uk/factsheets/advertising. htm Kelly, Kathleen and Ruth Edwards. Image Advertisements for Alcohol Products Is There Appeal Associated with Adolescents Intention to Consume Alcohol? Adolescence. Spring 1998. V33 n129 p47(13).

Discuss the meaning of justice Essay

Critically analyse the limit to which the justness is successful in achieving linkee, and discuss the difficulties which is faces in seeking to do so. (30 marks + 5 AO3) judicial expert is central to our law. Most would agree the law should be just, precisely judge is non easy to define. The theory has been studied by many philosophers all of whom collapse their own theories of what a just family should be. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, was born 384 years before Christ (BC). He separated arbitrator into two split disseminative judge and corrective evaluator. Distri hardlyive justice is concerned with the fair distribution of societys wealth. He went onto evidence that this wealth should be spread according to merit and an individuals regions into society. So this system relies on giving to those who receive contributed in nigh way rather than to those who are needy. Aristotle give tongue to that distribution on the basis of mint needs merely rewards the l azy and so would be unjust. corrective justice he utter, is needed to ensure that individuals mickle keep their entitlements. He believed that if someone is to steal from some other the court should ensure that the off obliterateer does not gain and the victim does not lose out.This idea give notice still be seen in areas of law such as compensatory damages for negligence. Aristotle too had other controversial views. He believed that people where either suited by nature to be slaves or masters and this was seen by a matter of fit. He thought that children who were born into families of slaves were suited to carry out that role. Aristotle also believed that women where subordinate to men as they are colder and lack the ability to produce semen and so he viewed them as infertile men. He went onto say that women belong in the home and should be ruled by men who were superior. Our law today prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex so these ideas are no longer acceptable to us. Thomas Aquinas, born in 1225, was a theologian who also believed in distributive justice, but s facilitate that our societys wealth should not be distributed just by merit, but also by rank and need he stressed our moral obligation to look aft(prenominal) the poor.Read more(prenominal) rightness Denied is mediocreice Delayed EssayKarl Marx, born in 1818, is widely regarded as the fo below of communism. Marx developed a precise different model of distributive justice which fucking be understood from his words from each according to his ability, to each according to his need. This requires that each should maximise their contribution to society by exercising full use of their abilities and gagely, each should receive in accordance withneed, unheeding of what they excite contributed. But if people are automatically given what they need, allow they be motivated to go away hard? Not only this, but how do we accurately determine what someone needs? Bentham, widely known for hi s development of the utilitarian approach to justice, state that maximising satisfaction is the object of justice. Utilitarianism is based on the doctrine that all actions should be calculated in terms of their utility in promoting the greatest happiness for the largest bout of people. John Stuart Mill, a 19th century liberal supported Bentham in his work of utilitarianism. He said that actions are right in proportion as they lead to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the ralwaysse of happiness.But unlike Bentham, Mill concentrated on the quality of happiness rather than merely the quantity of people who are happy. He also went onto say that justice includes honor for people, for property and for rights, as well as the need for good faith and impartiality. But the thought of utilitarianism can be heavily criticised. The greater good will not benefit the minority collections and ignores the feelings of individuals, as satisfying those needs may sacrifice happines s for the greater good. Under utilitarianism, torturing one individual, notwithstanding if it turns out that the person is not to blame, as an attempt to save the lives of others is involveed to be just which some would consider morally wrong. So the expense of one innocent person or a minority group would justify the happiness of a greater number. John Rawls (1921-2002) was a professor of political philosophy at Harvard and set out in his book Theory of Justice the concept of social justice. Rawls said that a just society is one in which rational people would choose to live if covered by a veil of ignorance.This meant without any bias towards their own situation i.e. their wealth, age, social class, gender, health intelligence and each aspect of their sustenance. He said there are two basic principles of justice that would be chosen under these circumstances. Firstly, the principle of liberty, i.e. the maximum workable liberty for all. And secondly the principle of differenc e which says that goods should be distributed planely except where unequal distribution benefits those who are least advantaged. He also said they would choose equating of opportunities for social advancement which differs from Aristotles idea of people being born into or fitted to certain roles. Robert Nozick was a Harvard colleague of Rawls and developed an entitlementtheory of justice which had triad elements. 1) A principle of justice in acquisition, traffic with how property is initially acquired. 2) A principle of justice in transfer, dealing with how a property can change founders. 3) A principle of rectification of injustice, dealing with injustices arising from the acquisition or transfer of property under then two principles above.This third principle, he said, would not be required if the world was entirely just. He said that where a person gains property in accordance with the principles of acquisition and transfer, they are therefore entitle to keep the property. But where people gain property due to wrong doing i.e. fraud or theft the third principle provides a remedy. Nozicks ideas are consistent with right take ing conservatism, but are diametrically opposed to the ideas of Marx. The term law can be defined as the principles and regulations established in a community by some authority and applicable to its people, whether in the form of legislation or of custom of the police, recognized and enforced by judicial decision. Justice on the other hand is not as easy to define as we hurt discovered people get under ones skin very different views of what a just society is, but I think we would all agree that the law should attempt to win justice as best it can. This view was expressed strongly by professional Denning who said that law should always filter out to achieve justice. He said that the proper role of the arbitrator is to do justice between the parties before him. If there is any rule of law which impairs the doing of justice, then it is the state of matter of the judge to do all he legitimately can to avoid the rule or even change it so as to do justice.But others views are slightly more restrictive. For font Sir Robert Megarry had said that it is the judges role to administer justice according to the law. But we arrive seen this will not always give a just result. Emily Andrews had told the police that she was repeatedly raped by her husband, but later withdrew the accusation because of great family pressure. She was then jailed for 8 months for perverting the course of justice and her culpable husband was able to walk unthaw. by and by spending 18 days in prison house her prison sentence was in the long run overturned by Lord infer. She is now struggling to gain custody of her cardinal young children. Lord Judge said this is an exceptional instance and we hope that it will be very exceptional for suit of clothess of this kind to be prosecuted to conviction in the Crown administrations. So it seems as if Lord Judge was saying she should not choose been prosecuted, but it would have beena very bold person to not have imposed charges because the law is very clear. So this manakin clearly shows that justice cannot always be achieved by following the law. Justice is often sub divided into procedural and substantive justice.Procedural justice refers to the idea of fairness in the processes of levelheaded proceedings, whereas substantive justice is justice in the content of the law. one aspect of procedural justice is natural justice which has two basic principles. The first is the rules against bias (nemo iudex in causa sua). In the chance of Rv Bingham Exparte Jowitt the defendant was on trial for a speeding offence, and his examine was contradictory with that of the police officers. The magistrate said my principle in such cases has always been to believe the indicate of the police officer. This shows bias, and so it was not considered to be a fair trial judges mustiness be impartial. It was said by Lord Denning in Metropolitan Properties Ltd v Lannon that justice must be rooted in confidence, and confidence is destroyed when right-minded people go away thinking the judge was biased. It also means that where a decision maker i.e. a judge has a contact with a party or a witness they should stand down. In Re Pinochet Lord Hoffman should have done just that. Amnesty international gave express against Pinochet.Lord Hoffman was a non-executive direct of Amnesty so he had an undeclared link to the case. There had to be a second re sense of hearing so justice was seen to be done. The second basic principle of natural law is the right to a fair hearing the right to be heard (audi alteram partem). Both parties cases must always be install forward. This is illustrated in the case Re A where it involved a decision whether conjoined twins should be separated which would end the life of the weaker twin. Although the twins could not speak for them selves, both were toyed at the trial. It also includes that a person should be given adequate prior notice of charges or allegations and a reasonable opportunity to put together his or her case. In R v Thames Magistrates Court ex parte Polemis a sea superior was not given adequate time to prepare his reason for the case. He received his summons at 10.30am and the trial was heard that day at 4pm. Another difficulty in achieving justice is money.Although the legal aid budget is 2 billion, legal aid was already very restrictive in civil cases. It is not available for personal injury cases so they usually run on a no win no fee basis which means thatsolicitors will only accept cases that they think are very likely to win. This means that a curing of personal injury cases will go unheard because of wanting(p) representation. Not only this, but the current legal aid bill makes very severe cuts to legal aid. 350 million will be cut from family and civil cases which will impact on the poorest in our society like those who are on benefits. Also legal aid will no longer be available for debt advice, benefit advice or housing. This means that more people will be forced to represent themselves at trial which will make trials often longer and less efficient therefore finally more expensive. It has also been proposed that legal aid is removed from medical negligence. This means that again, people will have to rely on a no win no fee basis. So a kettle of fish of cases wont reach court as solicitors will only take on cases that have a very high chance of winning.As a result of this, badly injured people will remain uncompensated. It is also in-chief(postnominal) that rules of evidence are strictly followed to ensure that justice is served. After there has been a crime, especially if it is a high profile case, there is often a lot of pressure on the police to secure a conviction. This pressure may sometimes lead to iniquitous behaviour in the way evidence is obtai ned. An example of this can be seen from the case of Paul Blackburn who was supercharged with the attempted carrying into action and sexual assault of a nine year old son at the age of 15. Paul Blackburn served his 25 year sentence and not until 2 years later on he was released was it found that he was really wrongfully convicted. The entire case against Blackburn rested on a plea he had handwritten, after more than four hours of intense interrogation. He finally gave into the two detectives and wrote a relation which was, he says, effectively dictated to him by the detectives. He said they even helped me spell the words I didnt know.My writing was quite basic at the time. At the appeal in 2005 the three appeal judges heard expert testimony which questioned how a 15 year old, poor educate boy could have written a document which was punctuated and included technical terms, all of which spelt correctly. So it wasnt until the 25th of May 2005, 28 years after the conviction that Paul Blackburn was finally acquitted. round may argue that now Blackburn has been found to be not guilty at appeal, justice has finally been served. But 25 years of imprisonment down the line, not to mention the actual criminal walkway free, can we really say justice has been served? Paul Blackburn isnow described as an emotionally burst man. Another difficulty in achieving justice is unreliable expert evidence. When someone is up at the stand and introduces themselves as for example Professor Sir Roy Meadows a member of the general medical council the jury are likely to believe what they say. So in some way it must be checked upon that this evidence is reliable before it sways the decision of a jury in a serious criminal trial.An example of how unreliable expert evidence can affect a trial can be seen from the case of crack cocaine Clark. Sally Clark was convicted for the wrap up of her two sons in 1999 and sentenced to life imprisonment even though she insisted it was caused by trot expiry. After spending more than 3 years in prison she was released in January 2003 after expert evidence given at the trial by Professor Sir Roy Meadow, a paediatrician, was discredited. During the trial he had said that the chance of having two cot-deaths in one family was 1 in 73 million, which undoubtedly and intelligibly lead the jury to convict. This evidence given by Sir Roy Meadow also lead to the conviction of Angela Canning who was sentenced to life imprisonment in April 2002 for the murder of her two children which she insisted was caused by cot death. He had said that one cot death in a family was unfortunate, two was suspicious and three was murder. After 20 months in prison Canning was released in December 2003. Her case was re-opened after an investigation found three previous cot deaths in the family, suggesting a genetic cause.After investigation it was actually found that Sir Roy Meadows evidence had no statistical basis and grossly misinterpreted the c hance of two sudden deaths with in a family so Sally Clark and Angela Cannings convictions were overturned. These two cases show the power and the effects of expert evidence given at a trial. I think that it is important for future cases that expert evidence is checked upon for its reliability to prevent more horrific miscarriages of justice like the cases of Angela Canning and Sally Clark. And in fact the Law Commission want to do just that. Their report in 2009 The Admissibility of Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in England and Wales said that expert evidences reliability should be assessed by the trial judges, their recent report print in 2011 Expert Evidence in Criminal Proceedings makes recommendations to the original in light of the comments they have received. The report proposes that there should be special statutory admissibility test for expert opinion evidence.However the courts will only chip in the test if it appears that the evidence might be insufficiently r eliable to be admitted. They also said that there should be a single list of criteria to help the trial judges apply the test. And finally that the party seeking to rely on the expert evidence should bear the burden of deduction in demonstrating its reliability, even if that party is the accused. These proposals where agreed in February 2011 and I think would ensure a much fairer law on the admissibility of expert evidence and will help us to achieve justice in future criminal cases. Corrective justice is an aspect of procedural justice which involves rectifying mistakes. One way in which mistakes can be rectified in our law can be seen from our appeal system. Originally in our appeal system, a retrial was not permitted if the defendant was acquitted but the appeal system has now broadened and gives the quest a right of appeal against an acquittal if there is new and compelling evidence Criminal Justice Act 2003 (part 10).For example in Rv Dunlop the defendant confessed to a polic e officer that he had dispatch Julie Hogg in 1991 but as he had already been acquitted in 1989 so no further action could be taken. This meant that in 2006 Dunlop was retried and was convicted of murder. Another way in which our law seeks to correct justice can be seen from the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) which was set up in March 1997 by the Criminal Appeal Act 1995. It is an independent and impartial body that reviews the convictions of people who have been found, they think, wrongfully convicted or harshly sentenced and refers the appropriate cases to the appeal courts. The CCRC have had over 1,300 applications, 320 of which have been re-heard and the convictions quashed.An example of such is Rv Andrew Adams. The defendant was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment on the 18th of May 1993. The defendants appeal was dismissed by the Court of Appeal Criminal Division in January 1998. The CCRC referred the case to the courts in 2005 on the basis that the re was inept defence representation, material non-disclosure by the prosecution, errors in the summing-up and that the jury had received inadmissible evidence concerning the appellants bad character. An appeal was granted and at the trial, finally, after spending 14 years in prison, on the 12th of January 2007 the defendants conviction of murder was quashed. It could argued that because Andrews was convicted of murder and spent 14 years in prison, justice was not fully achieved for him. But at leastbecause of the CCRC he is now a free and proven to be innocent man. I do think that the CCRC do well to help us achieve justice in our society, but there are mixed opinions about the body. It has been found that all(prenominal) year the CCRC reject 97% of applications from individuals who claim they have been wrongfully convicted.Professor Michael Zander a member of the Runciman royal stag Commission which recommended the setting of the body after cases the Birmingham Six, Guilford 4 an d Maguire Seven, all of whom were wrongfully convicted. Zander believes that the CCRC need to use a little known power to refer cases to the court of appeal even when no new evidence has been uncovered, if there is serious doubt about the conviction. They could use this power more says Zander. He also went onto say that innocent people are in the greatest difficulties once they have been convicted. It is not always the case that something new can be found, even with the best will in the world and all the investigations that can be mustered. He has also criticised the body for its overreliance on paper analysis of evidence and for not actually visiting the individuals in prison which is something that the Royal Commission had recommended. Also the body will only refer cases where they think there is a real possibility that the conviction will be overturned on referral to the court of appeal.But many have said that this is too restrictively interpreted by the CCRC. 45 cases listed by campaigners as having plausible claims of innocence have been turned down by the body. So although the CCRC have been successful in overturning the convictions of some innocent people, there is still a long way to go. Just 3% of applications to the body are referred to the appeal court. So although the body is succeeding to help a elflike number of people who have been wrongfully convicted, which of course should be commended, there may still be a large of number of those who are not guilty whose cases are bit referred. Substantive justice is justice in the content of the law. Does the way we set out our law achieve justice as best it can? The law of murder is regularly criticised for being unjust as you can be guilty of murder with intending to kill or surprisingly, intending to cause serious harm, without knowing any risk of death (Vickers), both of course receiving the mandatory life sentence. It seems unjust and extremely unfair, that a man who only intends serious harm and a m an who sets out to kill are put in the same kinsperson of crime and both receive the same mandatory life sentence.In 2006the Law Commission proposed that murder should be sub-divided into two categories. The first would be called first degree murder and would cover defendants who intended to kill. And the second category would be called second degree murder which would cover defendants who intended serious harm but were not aware there was a risk of death. By separating the offence, only defendants convicted of first degree murder would receive the mandatory life sentence and second degree murder would allow the judge manners in sentencing. I think these proposals ensure a fairer law on murder and would help justice to be achieved. To conclude, I dont think that anyone could say honestly, that we have a legal system that ensures that justice is always achieved, however much we aim to promote it. But I dont actually believe that a law can ever be drafted that ensures justice for eve ry individual. even so now, when wrongfully convicted people like the Birmingham Six, Paul Blackburn, Sally Clark and Angela Canning walk free, their lives are changed forever always hindered by the effects of a convicted of murder, justice doesnt quite seem to be the word. It may be possible that someone is able to create a legal system that they believe will always achieve justice, but as we have seen people have very different ideas of a just society, so it is impossible that everybodys needs are met. For our legal system to achieve justice, all members of that system have to be fair, unprejudiced and free from corruption, which we have seen is not always the case. The detectives who questioned Paul Blackburn, then a 15-year-old boy for over 4 hours and forced a conviction out of him, dictating the words for him to write in his asseveration were most definitely not fair.How can we ensure that every single person who in some way affects the course of justice is impartial, unbiase d and honest? How can we ensure that a judge, an influential and important part of any trial is fair and non-discriminatory? Former Law Lord Tom Bingham said that utter(a) justice is an unattainable ideal. He said a time is unlikely to come when anyone will ever be able to say that perfect fairness has been achieved once and for all, and in retrospect most legal systems operating today will be judged to be defect not yet recognized. alas I think that these realistic words run true and although we can do everything possible to strive to achieve a just society, it will only ever be an unattainable ideal.

Financial perspective Essay

As seen quietusd visiting cards does non totally slackness financial measures of public presentation. Thus, timely and accurate data is essential to the successful implementation of balanced scorecard. This implies that handling and treat of financial data should be swift and centralize perhaps fully automated. The financial data should be integrated with corporate databases and especially data regarding risk assessment and cost benefit analysis (Stewart, 2000). attainment and growth perspective This category recognizes that people atomic number 18 the only repositions of knowledge i. e. people posses intangible additions of the gild.In this information age intelligence is the heart of organization success and wherefore Ned to delay continuous schooling through affianceee training. This is because technology changes rapidly as aloes people exiting an organization for greener pastures. (Lipe & Salterio, 2000) As a result, corporations acculturation and attitude sine qua non to be shaped to ensure that people within the organization pursue self-improvement and reverse brain drain to other companies. The cost of recruitment and training people is usually superior and measures of allocating the funds to reap maximum benefits need to be developed.Knowledge sharing is equally important. Notably not all training renders to learning but the most effective learning occurs, using mentors and group discussions and confabulation within the organization. Intranets may contribute towards facilitating communication and learning (Norton, 2001) Process perspective This category identifies two kinds of summons within the business one, the mission oriented unconscious processes and two the support process. Support processes are repetitive in nature and nature and hence easier to measure on the other hand mission oriented take up government offices and hence difficult to measure.Attention to these perspectives enables managers to know how well the operations o f the business are and whether they are in tandem with customer requirements and expectations. (Kaplan & Norton, 1996) Problems associated with financial measures. The move to adopt the balanced scorecard at Intel has been triggered by the inefficiency of financial measures to link corporate system and goals to measurement it ahs been difficult for Intel to link the strategies utilize in posit marketing and advertising campaigns to the effects or anticipated results. Thus a shortfall in gauging performance has been experienced..As pointed out, Intel faces strong competition from Microsoft and there has been to re-strategize its operations in swan to gain competitive reinforcement and adopt with the changing technology. The previously used financial measures are outdated as the PC exertion how shifted from the industrial age to become more knowledge based. White previously, Intel focal point of the fraternitys belongings equipments and plant was adequate to accord the compa ny competitive edge, now a days the intangible asset i. e. the employees knowledge plays a enormous role in ensuring that Intel stays ahead of its game.The companys income statements, and balance sheets are still used to capture revenues and profits but they still account very little to the companys market apprize hence the need for balance scorecard. The balanced scorecard becomes handy for Intel to link its strategy i. e. deploying its intangible assets to the companys goal i. e. dominate the PC industry. The job of financial measures utilized at Intel is its failure to measure how effective customer relationship operating process product innovation skill of the workforce culture and other variables are in contributing to the companys goal of maintaining pull in the PC industry.The financial measures i. e. balance sheets and incomes statements fail to assist management describe its asset and link it to strategy and goal. The pitfall of this measure is that without a clear de scription of the state of affairs and the companys possessions in terms of assets then it is difficult to know what to manage or measure. Recommended heading and implementation of Intels balance scorecard Intel balance scorecard design allow incorporate strategy aimed at increasing the companys revenues by twenty percent in a blockage of 18 months.In order to do so the balance scorecard components will be used in designing the strategy. The invaluable contribution of the employees at Intel is recognized in this design. They contribute indirectly to the companys revenue investment in the employees will improve their functional competence and hence jot to better quality products and innovations hence greater customer satisfaction. This satisfaction in turn will translate to higher sales and thus append in revenue and profit margins. Rewards systems for hardworking employees will be given in form of cash incentives and recognition awards.More importantly, dead wood employees will not be retained in the company, as they are liabilities to the company. The workplace culture and climate will in any case be representative of the companys goal hence performance appraisals will also be used to boost hard work. The no-office policy at Intel will be retained in order to ensure equality among the companys employees. Communication and knowledge sharing will be boosted by upping Intel intranets and using monthly meetings in departments to reach this end.Intel will have to upgrade its internal processes to improve its customers and shareholders satisfactions hence achieve revenue. The way to do this will be by availing its microprocessors speedily to its customers at the time when needed. Intel will need to keep track of releases of operating systems by software hence increase sales and revenues. Intel should also develop new products and services that are relevant to meeting customers wants and needs. Perhaps, there is need to identify new markets in order to broade n its customers base also promote satisfaction among customers.Grievances and complaints will handle with immediacy and accuracy. Additionally, Total quality management and zero tolerance production techniques will be used in its manufacturing plant to ensure that consignment delivered to customers have zero defects. Intel will also ensure that it exercises social responsibility and that its activities benefit the greater society and dont harm the immediate environment. The customers perspectives components of Intel balance scorecard will work towards creating a image of value and distinction in its customers.Intel will achieve this by incorporating a mix of different products and service that uniquely identify the customers to the company. Intel will sustain tightfistedness with its customers by being a representative of the customers diverse traits. It will ensure indiscriminate customers service to customers disregardless of race, gender or religion its branding and advertiseme nt campaigns will be acceptable to the customers. Intel will employ competitive pricing to attract and retain customers. At the same time Intel will assure great performance and auxiliary features in its products so that customers get value for their money, hence boost revenue.Delivery lead times will equally be reduced by half in order to advertise customers to buy more from them. The financial position of Intel will be influenced by the effects o customers internal process and the learning perspectives of the companys workforce. Ultimately, if the positive changes on these sections are effectuate then the company will realize profitability and increased revenues. In effect, the companys value in the eye of the shareholder will also improve, more to that an increase in company assets value will be evident.

Online Education vs. Traditional Education

While most believe online tuition is easy as the disciple is just sitting in front of the computer, aid phratry online is more challenging than come acrossing class in a classroom because requires time anxiety skills and requires self-discipline. Attending college online requires the college student to have sharp time management skills. The majority of online students have responsibilities other than attention tutor. Usually this is why the decision to attend educate online is made. The online student must(prenominal) be able to equilibrize school, work, and a family.Attending school at a handed-down school is not as flexible as the time schedule is stupefy in place and the student must arrange their schedule around school, work, and family. Online education allows more tractability in the online class schedule. However, proper management must be maintained in aim to balance all of the responsibilities and be successful in all aras. Not only do students strike to monitor lizard their progress in an ongoing fashion and adjust their strategies for eruditeness based on their progress, they also need to maintain a time management schedule in enunciate to complete online learning activities in the allotted timeframes. (Orellana, Hudgins, & Simonson, 2009, p. 470). The online student must be able to continue to work full-time and take disturbance of family. All of these things must be done including attending school. Adding online education to the list of responsibility may support the online student becomes swell up organized. An online student can possibly check-in the online classroom during lunchtime while at work. Homework assignments can be done during homework hour at home with the children.In order to be successful attending school online, the online college student must practice self-discipline. In a traditional classroom, the student the instructor holds the student accountable for all assignments and corporation in class. While th e same applies for the online college student, business is the student. There will not be a reminder from the instructor on a day by day basis whether the student is participating in the discussion group or if the student has completed an assignment. Online learning can be more convenient, effective and rewarding than traditional classes, but convenience doesnt mean its easier, says Gwen Hillesheim, retardation chief academic officer and provost of Colorado Technical University, a leading provider of education for c beer-motivated students. prospered online students need to be proactive in their studies and take responsibility for their own learning. It takes self-discipline and time management to do your best. But when the student is engaged, the learning can be significant and the experience fulfilling. ARA, (2010, November 3, Creston News Advertiser). Online students must comply with the University participation requirements in order to succeed. Self-discipline is required as it is solely up to the student to log in each day and participate in class. Unlike traditional classrooms where the schedule is localize and students are reminded by staff daily to participate the University notifies online students that do not make the required participation requirements after they have failed to do so. Most individuals that opt to attend school online are returning to school to complete a college degree.Usually this option is chosen due to work schedule as well as time with the family. Online education is not for everyone as it takes great discipline and maturity in order to be a successful online student. At the same time, online education is not for everyone you have to have a certain level of maturity and self-motivation, since you have to juggle coursework with job and family responsibilities. It demands a great deal of differentiate work and you have to manage your schedule to meet class requirements rather than attend at a specific time of the week. Miche le Smolik, Director of Instructional Technology at Columbia College.Traditional students usually are not full-time employees. A person attending a University on campus is usually either pickings one class or a full-time student working a part-time job. Online education allows an individual to maintain a full-time job however in order to qualify as a full-time student two classes are taken at a time. Traditional students attending class on campus have the advantage of accessing the instructor during class development if a question should arise. Online students must communicate with instructors via email or by utilizing the message board located on the student portal.This symbol of learning is not the right choice for everyone as some need individual instruction. Some fence in that online students are teaching themselves, as there is no verbal instruction from an instructor. At most online universities instruction is given weekly during the discussion group forum by the instructor. The online student must make it a responsibility to participate in weekly discussion forums as well as keep up with weekly readings. Students that delay themselves in participating in the discussion group usually maintain a low grade. All of this is vital in order to be a successful online student.Assignments for class are usually due weekly and due at the end of the week. Students must submit the assignment via the class portal. It is imperative that the student have the correct software in order to submit the assignment as it is the students responsibility that the assignment is submitted on time with no exceptions. This is not an issue for traditional students as instructors are able to accept assignments in person from students. Essays and other assignments can be submitted by hard copy, which eliminates the concern of computer complications or the non-compatibility of software with the University.Online education has been debated throughout the years of its brief globe howeve r most will agree that it is much more challenging than traditional education. Attending school is challenging whether in a traditional classroom setting or attending school online as responsibility is the main factor. However, as an online student it is imperative to be organized, responsible, and maintain strict discipline in order to be a successful online student. These factors make attending school online much more onerous as it is magnified much more.

Armenian Language

anNadine Abo Laban 900113591 Gap makeup 2 (Armenian Language) Introduction The guest speaker who graced us with her presence was Alyssah Depoya, who is of Armenian origin. According to Alyssah, all splendid Armenians last names end with yan which acts as an indicator of whether the person is of pure Armenian origin. Armenia is a mountainous country located in the South Caucasus region in Eurasia. It is bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Iran (Armenia, n. d). Armenian passel have a actually rich and dense culture. It is one of the worlds oldest civilizations.Armenia was in like manner the very first country to embrace Christianity as its religion. The Armenian culture has been shaped and influenced by many separate countries due to the several invasions that their people had to endure. It has been conquered by the Persians, Greeks, Mongols, Byzantines, Ottomans, Arabs, Romans and Russians. The most brutal invasion was when the Ottoman Turks took over Armenia, kill its people and expiration them to starve to death. During the Ottoman take over between 600,000 and 1. 5 million Armenians were killed, leaving this abattoir to be the very first genocide of the 20th century.Moreover, Turkey denies such a massacre having occurred and claims till this present day that death casualties were a minimum. Armenia houses a population of 3,140,000 citizens. However the total Armenian population is 5,924,320. They are wide spread over Azerbaijan, Canada, Egypt, Cyprus, Estonia, Georgia, France, Greece, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Palestine, Russia, united states and Syria (Lewis, 2013). Facts about the language According to my search from the Ethonologue and Wikipedia, there are 5,924,320 speakers of Armenian all over the world.The language belongs to the Indo-European language family and has several idiomatic expressions. around linguists identify the language as a separate branch under the indo European family. You can also call the Armenian language by Armjanski Yazyk, Ena, Ermeni Dili, Ermenice, Somkhuri. Before the creation of an Armenian rudiment, the Armenians use Greek and Aramaic characters. In 405 AD, the 36 characters of the Armenian alphabet were introduced. However, during the middle ages two more characters were introduced to the already existing alphabet so they can spell out borrowed foreign words.There are two different dialects of the Armenian languages used till this day. There is the Eastern classical Armenian, and the western, which is more commonly spoken by the people. The western dialect is mainly used outside of the republic of Armenia, whereas eastern is used both inside and outside the country. give out on the speakers presentation Fortunately, everything Alyssah informed us about coincided with my research. She was very entertaining and did non miss a detail about what we needed to know.

Argumentive Essay on Age Differences in Relationships

There is a unusual liaison aboutlove. And that is the concomitant you never tell as to whom your mate provide be. Regardless of how bulky the kinship whitethorn be, we never know who out in that respect entrust be the one we chatter our mate. You may relieve oneself similar interests, backgrounds or have the said(prenominal)sense of humor, but through it completely one question sticks out among many folks out in the world today. Does epoch have a bearing on whether or not to enter a relationship? Some obtain that you testament eventually locate in love with whateverone half your historic period but the thing is how can you tell?And is that a deciding factor in getting in a relationship? Many argon opposed to this as they nip the chap could cause a great fence of issues within the relationship itself. There atomic number 18 many distinct opinions about whether age factors play a huge role in a relationship. Some people plead it does not matter and others say it is everything. Some people are standardized me, sort of in the middle. mount is unspoiled a number, or is it? One might think that if a man has been a tolerate for forty fiver geezerhood, than he should induce be somewhat get as far exis ten dollar billce experienced in relationships.Well in some cases, while the forty year-old may be experienced, when it comes to being mature he may not be all the way there. While a mortal may have experienced a galvanic pile of different things in their lifespan, it does not necessarily mean that they have learned from them. It is a sad fact that some people just never grow up. This may be fortunate or unhappy depending on how you look at it. However, it is a fact of life. If you date this kind of psyche you are more than than carely in for a rocky relationship Maturity is more a matter of record than age.According to journalist Vidhi Agrawal, the question of age and relationships is surely difficult to answer, especially when t he Cupids arrow strikes and you fall in love with a mortal who is 10 geezerhood your senior or 15 years junior to you. In historic times, it was common for a man of 30 or 40 years to connect a teenage girl. Then came the period where the difference ranged amid two and seven years, with the man being honest-to-god. Back then there was a simple logic was simplethe man would be the scratching winner while the wife would provide babies. (Agrawal, 2012) In my opinion, I disembodied spirit that age does matter in relationships.While, its not the most important factor it does play a key role in whether or not the relationship sustains a lengthy period or its just a seasonal fling. There are issues that need to be considered with relationships that have a noticeable difference in age. These issues are not insurmountable, yet they are obstacles that must be considered and dealt with if the relationship is going to be successful and meaningful to both parties. I feel this way because in these days in time relationships are like the wind. Everyday it seems like most couples break up as fast as they fall in love.While numerous married couples who differ in age now ended up married, they excessively end up having a divorce due to either financial problems, fights, or cheating spouses so spending a long time growing old together seem impossible in this day and age. Most relationships today only start with physical attraction or infatuation like magnets but we all know that we are people so we will have desires and attractions to the opposite (or same sex). Choosing someone that is right for the age is probably a suitable solution to lessen breaking wagon and emotional distress. Another reason I feel that age matters is because people nowadays create labels.When a young man or woman dates an older man or woman he/she is usually called cougar, on the other hand, when an old man or woman dates younger ones he/she is normally called a pedophile. These two labels doe snt apply to people who dates 1 year to 4 years older or younger, it only applies to people who are really old like five to ten years age gap. Also in some cultures, age gap are still canonical when the parents of two souls are close friends and they talk about the future of their children and starting to pre-arrange their son and daughters marriage when both parents know that they are at the right age. Marsh, 2010) In addition, we define our goals, experiences and milestones in life by age. For example, by 21, most people will be a graduate, will have createed for five years and then completed a MBA by 28 and started their own company. Marry and settled with kids by 32, work hard for the next 15 years and then begin retirement planning. See, this is how the average person generally planned their life. So when an older man marries a woman much younger to him, there can be conflicts over preferences and goals.She will want to be go out more and affiance in active pursuits while h e will have that, been there, done that feeling/attitude and may not participate eagerly. Similarly, the balance of power and dominance would always be on the side of the older spouse because he/she is more matured, wise and experienced. To them, younger spouses need for indulgence may appear histrionics and attention-seeking behavior. The difference in age could also deepen with time after many years with the partner, frankincense causing problems.At first, they have a lot of common interests but after many years somewhere between 5 and10 years, while one of them is getting old, the other one is still young in body and spirit. Because of this it would be hard to cope with and keep up with one another because they have exactly grown apart. This may lead to break ups. Also, an age gap can have an influence on a relationship by the fact it could lead to three main problems which are the sickness and health, different opinions and the child issue. Sometimes the age gap could be very embarrassing.For example, when a couple goes out to do shopping to buy clothes and things for them and their children and suddenly the sales assistant talks to the woman/man and tells him/her is that person your daddy/mommy?. That would be very embarrassing and not acceptable even though the person does not mean what he says because in the first place he does not know that this person is her husband. The embarrassment that comes from such relationships with age difference makes the younger partner thinking about why he is putting him/herself in such situation, while he could be with person who looks exactly like his age without any embarrassments.This makes lots of marriages fail. Therefore, having healthy relationship without age gap will tackle this problem and makes the couples live happily without embarrassments forever. (Twoface, 2009) An example for these kinds of relationships is that of Demi Moore and Ashton Kutcher. The recently divorced couple was married with an age gap o f thirteen years (Demi being around forty and Ashton being around twenty-seven). In these age gap relationships, there were real differences in their interest in physical activities that eventually resulted to the divorce.While many feel like I feel on this subject, there are those who differ with me on this issue. While many feel age will play a deciding factor in a potential break-up, on the contrary, you have those who feel age does not matter in a relationship because in most cases they want someone to match their level of maturity, having a strong committedness to individually other, and having someone serious to talk in a personal way. You have those who feel they have either outgrown their age range or are just mature for their age (whether its due to circumstances or surroundings) so they seek club with mates older than they are.You have those who feel as long as both are mature and are making their own choices than age should not really matter. Another factor one will st ate in the case of age matters is that the younger person would benefit from the older persons wisdom and experience and the older person feels as if he has been given new life by the ego encouragement they get from having someone so young finding them attractive. With that the relationships would be based on only having benefits from each other. These kinds of relationships that based on having benefits from each other have never worked before and will never work (Vilbert & Lloyd, 2010).In conclusion, age does really matter in a relationship in some degree and thats based on whether the two individuals can handle their relationship with a sense of responsibility and commitment based on their level of maturity in sharing their personal outlooks and goals from their life experiences. (Realsexfacts, 2006) Age gap relationships will always be frowned upon mainly due to their abnormality. Most people would look at a 50 year old and a 25 year old together and think thats justnotright. I would say for the most part age does matter in a relationship.While you do not want the age gap to be too significant due to pragmatic reasons like how long the person might have until they die or at what age they will stop having sex and procreating. Also, lifestyle and cultural differences might emerge if there is a significant age difference. There will in most cases be a lot of protests from friends and family, so opt for something like this only when you are ready to stand against them. This in turn depends upon whether you are sure about what exists between the two of you and its all that you really want in life. This is not to say that there are no exceptions.Those are always out there and I guess you should get to know your partner nearly and know what you are getting into before taking any chances with your life. Follow your gut. The heart wants what the heart wants in the end. It does not matter how ridiculous it may look to other people. References (2006). Relationships and Age Difference. Realsexfacts. com. Retrieved 10 March, 2013 from http//www. realsexedfacts. com/relationships-age-difference. html Agrawal, V. (2012). Age Factor in Marriage and Relationships. BollywoodShaddis. com Retrieved 10 March 2013 from http//www. bollywoodshaadis. om/article/lifestylehealth/relationships/age-factor-in-marriage-and-relationships Marsh, T. (2009). Does Age real Matter In Relationships?. Love, Life and Relationships Terrymarshworld. blogspot. Retrieved 10 March, 2013 from http//www. terrymarshworld. blogspot. com/2010/03/does-age-really-matter-in-a-relationship. html Twoface. (2009). Does Age Matter. Socyberty. Retrieved 10 March 2013 from http//socyberty. com/relationships/does-age-matter-age-gap-relationships/ Vilbert, D & Lloyd, A (2010). Does A Big Age Difference Doom A Relationship?. Living. MSN. Retrieved 10 March 2013 from http//living. msn. com/love-relationships