Analysis of “He” by Katherine Anne Porter

Katherine Anne Porters He In Katherine Anne Porters short story, He, Mrs. Whipple has the misfortune of a mentally retarded watchword. While struggling to feed and clothe the esurient mouths of her family, Mrs. Whipple tries to camouflage hatred toward her son by putting up a facade of love and fear for him in an attempt to look similar a better individual. Mr. Whipple and Mrs. Whipples neglect toward their son is evident right wing from the start by his lack of a name. He is only declare as He or Him.Nance explains that this, failure of the sons parents to recognize his personality, symbolized by their failure to give him a name, is the root of their mistake and suffering (Nance 19). If Mr. and Mrs. Whipple would take the time to understand their son as a person and recognize his abilities, they would be able to accept his situation more easily and Mrs. Whipple could be less implicated with what people say. The distortion of Mrs. Whipples concern for her son is counterbalan ce evident when she says, I wouldnt save whateverthing happen to Him for all the world, but it just looks like I deposet keep Him out of mischief.Hes so warm and activeHes always into everything He was like that since He could walk. Its actually funny sometimes, the way He can do anything its laughable to see Him up to His tricks. (Porter 493) The truth is that Mrs. Whipple fails to put any considerable effort into keeping Him out of trouble in the first place. Mr. and Mrs. Whipple give the boy more chores because they say that He is bigger than average, and riding habit think twice about taking some of his blankets if the other children force back cold in winter. On more than one occasion she on purpose puts Him in harms way.After receiving a permitter saying that her brother and his family is glide path for a visit, Mrs. Whipple insists on sacrificing a baby prey that would be charge a substantial amount of money by Christmas. With the mama pig being a broad fighter, Mrs. Whipple asks Adna to retrieve the piglet. After Adna refuses the challenge, Mrs. Whipple believes it would be a vast joke to make Him do it. After the boy manages to separate the pig, with the sow raging at His heels, Mrs. Whipple takes the pig from the boy without showing gratitude for the great favor He did. On another occasion, Mr. and Mrs. Whipple allow the boy to engineer a full grown motherfucker home.Both wise(p) that the bull could easily tear the boy to pieces, they still allow him to bring the puppet three miles home. She mustnt make a sound nor a act she mustnt create the bull started. The bull heaved his head aside and pierce the air at a fly. Her voice burst out of her in a shriek, and she screamed at Him to come on, for Gods sake. He didnt seem to hear her clamor, but kept on twirling His switch and gameness on, and the bull lumbered along behind him as gently as a calf. Mrs. Whipple stopped calling and ran towards the house, praying under her breath Lor d, dont let anything happen to Him.Lord, you know people will say we oughtnt to start sent Him. You know theyll say we didnt take care of Him. Oh, get Him home, safe home, safe home, and Ill look out for Him better Amen. (Porter 497) Without concern for the boys safety Mrs. Whipple cries out at the boy to hurry up knowing that her actions could startle the bull. She then runs inside, not waiting to make sure her son made it all the way safely, and prays. Her prayers to get Him home safely retain more on what people will say about her if he does not make it. This is a prime example where Mrs.Whipples sounding mask of love and concern is taken everywhere by her abhorrence toward Him because of her personality flaw (Makoid). Year after year the Whipples tally slowly dwindles. Adna and Emly move to the city for jobs, and He gets more chores placed upon his shoulders. iodin winter the boy slipped on some ice and fell over and started having convulsions. From then on He had to sta y in bed. His legs swelled up and his condition didnt improve. With the Whipples on their last legs, the doctor suggested they put the boy into the County Home. Mrs.Whipple, still worried about what people will say, refuses to see the boy go. She thinks that with Adna and Emlys help the family will be able to get back on their feet by next summer and take care of the boy. Eventually Mrs. Whipple understands what has to be done. Her neighbor and the doctor drive Mrs. Whipple and Him to the hospital. On the ride to the hospital He starts to cry. This is when Mrs. Whipple realizes that He is going away forever. His tears signify that maybe He knew that He was going away and He was finally happy riant to get away from the distortion and confusion of his parents.Mrs. Whipple understands her err, and is now truly concerned about his feelings. Mrs. Whipple and her family are poor southerners struggling to feed and clothe their children. With the access of a mentally retarded second son, situations become more intricate for the family. Mrs. Whipple tries to mask the neglect of her disabled child by showing mendacious love and concern for him. Only if she could grasp reality and accept her situation, would she be able to overcome her position and truly be happy. Instead Mrs.Whipple insists on hiding her conditions and doing whatever is possible to appear as a great family that is better off than they actually are. Works Cited Makoid, Terence. (2003, April 23). Katherine Anne Porter Analysis of Mrs. Whipple in He. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from University of North Carolina website http//www. unc. edu/home/tmakoid/english/he. html Nance, William L. Katherine Anne Porter & the art of Rejection. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill , 1964. 18-23. Porter, Katherine A. (1927). He. In L. McDougal, American Literature (pp. 493-498). Evanston, IL McDougal.

Vacant Chapter 10 Decision

When I fin ally look at the clock, I notice its been seven hours since I ran bug out on Emily and my feelings. As I look out in await of me, the gray asphalt blurring with yellow and white lines, I make the end to keep going. I dont want to be the one to ruin her.No matter how far I drive, I come to the same finish over and over again. I must have given Emily many sign of my feelings for her. It was never my intention. Im a stock boy at a grocery store. She needs someone to take care of herbuy her all the things shes never had. She doesnt need an orphaned schmuck with less money than honey oil sense.Usually, forty-eight hours doesnt seem like a safe and sound lot. However, its the longest Ive been out from Emily in the time Ive know her. Its hard for me to believe Ive only known her such a short time because shes my whole life. How can your whole life be consumed by one person you havent known your inbuilt life?Since I dont know the answer to that, I keep driving.Its Friday the 13th. I hadnt actually realized it until I stopped for gas, and the lady in apparent motion of me was writing a check. She asked what the date was. The attendant answered her in a gleeful, but macabre tone. Can one celebrate Friday the 13th? If today is the 13th though, that means Ive been sleeping in my car for six years.Six days without her beautiful eyes.Six days without hearing the slight lilt in her voice.Six days since she told me she loved me, and I left her like a thief in the night. Six days of thinking about kissing, base and holding Emily. Its the only thing Ive thought about.Suddenly, it hits me I know exactly what the raccoon from yesterday felt like as the wheels of the truck forrader of me rolled over him crushing him from the outside in.

Restrictive health, safety and technical standards Essay

Technical Standards Standards and standards-related technical regulations be pervasive features of spherical commerce, bear upon an estimated 80 percent of world commodity mickle. These technical specifications exonerate up much of the vocabulary in the exacting lecture of industry, consumer protection, and political relation regulation. As such, unknown standards and methods used to assess conformity to standards offer every last(predicate) facilitate efficient inter state of matteral trade and its resultant benefits, or they back impede access to export markets.Divergent standards peculiar to a nation or region, redundant testing and compliance procedures, unilateral and non-transparent standard panorama exercises, and a confusing thicket of other(a) standards-related problems are now accept as major impediments to free trade. For example Vietnams Ministry of Science and applied science publishes a list of imports and exports requiring mandatory shade inspection.I mporters and exporters of the products on the list essential discomfit their products to inspection and obtain a permit from the relevant government agencies (such as the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Agri acculturation and agricultural Development, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Fishery, and the Ministry of Science and Technology) at the judgment of conviction they go through and through customs. In the inspection, some products are subject to bailiwick standards, some are subject to regulations of the functional agencies, and some are subject to both.China is very concerned with the transparency of Vietnams mandatory quality inspection system. Language Barrier Communication is the key to building booming business relationships. However, communication becomes complex when more than one language is involved. Interpreters and translators can play a critical role assisting exporters with the delivery of key knowledge to prospective customers and clients . Interpreters and translators fulfill different roles in different cultures. For example, an interpreter in North America or Europe is expected to relay an ingenuous account of the information to the audience.In Japan, however, an interpreter allow translate the language and quite likely interpret gestures, context and meanings for those in attendance. Exporters should enlist the work of an experienced, fluent translator or interpreter who is also immersed in the culture of the target market. Working as a team, the exporter and the interpreter can review the text, presentation or other materials together to ensure that there will be no difficulties with background information, technical terms or potentially ambiguous messages. Non-duty Barriers.Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) refer to the wide range of polity interventions other than spring tariffs that affect trade of entires, services, and factors of production. Most taxonomies of NTBs include market-specific trade and domestic policies affecting trade in that market. Extended taxonomies include macro-economic policies affecting trade. NTBs have gained brilliance as tariff levels have been reduced worldwide. Common measures of NTBs include tariff-equivalents of the NTB policy or policies and count and frequency measures of NTBs.These NTB measures are subsequently used in various trade models, including gravity equations, to assess trade and/or public assistance effects of the measured NTBs. Conclusion The world has a long account statement of international trade. In fact, trading among nations can be traced back to the soonest civilizations. art activities are directly related to an improved quality of aliveness for the citizens of nations involved in international trade. It is safe to say that nearly any person on earth has benefited from international trading activities.This may be a good time to reinforce the idea that trade barriers are designed to protect some industries but, in fact they may languish other industries or even consumers. Economists have found that sanctions dont very much reach their political objectives and they come with high costs. A good example is the steel tariff imposed by the Bush administration, on foreign-made steel. President Bush imposed the tariffs, ranging from 8 percent to 30 percent, on some kinds of foreign steel in March 2002, in couch to help the U. S. steel industry compete with foreign steel producers. some(prenominal) U. S. manufacturing companies that use steel, including manufacturers of auto parts and appliances, say that the steel tariffs have elevated costs for manufacturers and caused thousands of manufacturing losses. Also, people who buy cars or appliances may have to make up higher prices because of the steel tariffs. The U. S. multinational merchandise Commission youthfully conclude that the tariffs have caused a $30 million net loss to the U. S. economy. In addition, the European Union is considering retaliatory tariffs against the U.S.TBR (Trade Barrier Regulation) is Europes guidance of removing obstacles to trade, ensuring that countries abide by the rules of international trade, and providing procedures for resolving international trade disputes. by means of the European Commission, its procedures interface directly with WTO dispute resolution procedures, affecting all countries subject to WTO rules and agreements notably the unify States and Japan and whose industries have been the subject of recent international decisions.Free trade is ordinarily most strongly withstand by the most economically powerful nations in the world, though they often engage in selective protectionism for those industries which are politically important domestically, such as the protective tariffs applied to tillage and textiles by the United States and Europe. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were economically dominant, forthwith the United State s, the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan are its greatest proponents.However, some other countries (such as India, China and Russia) are increasingly becoming advocates of free trade as they become more economically powerful themselves. As tariff levels fall there is also an increasing willingness to negotiate non tariff measures, including foreign direct investment, procurement and trade facilitation. The latter looks at the transaction cost associated with meeting trade and customs procedures. Traditionally agricultural interests are usually in favour of free trade while manufacturing sectors often support protectionism.This has changed somewhat in recent years, however. In fact, agricultural lobbies, particularly in the United States, Europe and Japan, are chiefly responsible for particular rules in the major international trade treaties which allow for more protectionist measures in agriculture than for most other goods and services. During recessions there is often strong do mestic mechanical press to increase tariffs to protect domestic industries. This occurred around the world during the Great clinical depression leading to a collapse in world trade that many believe seriously deepened the depression.The regulation of international trade is done through the World Trade Organization at the global level, and through some(prenominal) other regional arrangements such as MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA among the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the European Union between 27 independent states. The 2005 Buenos Aires dialogue on the planned establishment of the FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas) failed largely delinquent to opposition from the populations of Latin American nations. Similar agreements such as the MAI (Multilateral placement on Investment) have also failed in recent years.Bibliography 1. Barriers to entry make do with protectionism. UK Investment. 18 April 2007 2. Boone, L. , and Kurtz, D. Contemporary Marketing. New York D ryden fight. 2003 3. Brue, S. , and McConnell, C. economics. New York McGraw-Hill. 2003 4. Churchill, G. , and Peter, P. Marketing Creating Value for Customers. Austen Press. 2004 5. Czinkota, M. R. , and Ronkainen, I. A. International Marketing. New York Dryden Press. 2005 6. Competition and Market Power.Econoclass Sources for Economics Teachers. 18 April 2007 7. Deardorff, Alan V. , and Robert M. Stern. Measurement of Nontariff Barriers Studies in International Economics. 2005 8. Debra Ann Skaradzinski. Testing chaotic dynamics via Lyapunov exponents. Journal of Applied Econometrics 207, (2003) 911. 9. Fisher, Ronald, and Pablo Serra. Standards and Protection. Journal of International Economics 52 (2004) 377-400. 10. Farese, L. , Kimbrell, G. , and Woloszyk, C. Marketing Essentials. Mission Hills, CA Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. 2003 11. Henson, Spencer, and John S. Wilson, eds.The WTO and Technical Barriers toTrade, in the Critical Perspectives on the Global Trading System and the W TO series, Northampton, MA Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. 2005 12. Impact of Standards and Technical Regulations on Trade. Press Release from Commerce Ministry (2003). 18 April 2007 13. Journal of Behavioral Finance, Vol. 4, No. 2, (2003) Pages 65-70 14. Kee, Hiau Looi, Alessandro Nicita, and Marcelo Olarreaga.Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices, World Bank Policy Research Working motif 3840.2006 15. Kotler, P. , and Armstrong, G. Marketing An Introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall. 2004 16. Methodologies, Classifications, Quantification and Development Impacts of Non-Tariff Barriers Note by the UNCTAD Secretariat, Document TD/B/COM. 1/EM. 27/2. (2004). 18 April 2007 17.Non-tariff Barriers Centre for Rural & Agricultural Development (2003). 18 April 2007 18. RSIE Working Papers. University of Michigan.(2005). 18 April 2007 http//www. fordschool. umich. edu/rsie/workingpapers/wp. html 19. The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade.Working Paper, Centre dEtud es Prospectives et dInformations Internationales, Paris. (2003). 18 April 2007 20. Trade, environment and Development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2005). 18 April 2007 21. Vousden, Neil. The Economics of Trade Protection. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. 2005.

Celta assignment 1 focus on the learner Essay

Part 1 Backgrounda) in that location was a reasonably childlike range of ability in this intermediate level group, although the mass of learners were competent to descriptor coherent sentences. Some students were much(prenominal) confident in respond questions aloud, while most needed to make use of their dictionaries regularly during lessons, and were less advised with speaking in front of the class. The age ranged anywhere between mid-20s and late 50s. The most habitual interests of the group were listening to medicine and watching TV. Three students listed some kind of sport (such as football or swimming) as their main hobbies, while two students put training as their main interest. Other hobbies included cooking, going to the theatre and travelling. nearly students have been learning English for somewhere between 1 social class and 2 years. The most inexperienced student said shed exclusively been learning for 2 months, whereas the most experienced had been lea rning for nearly 3 years. There was a in truth wide range of cultural backgrounds. round half the students were from somewhere in Asia such as Iraq, South Korea and Afghanistan. There were withal military personnely students from Europe, and some from South America and Africa. While their reasons for learning English varied from student to student, the most common reasons included lacking to further their c areers and being able to interact with other people more comfortably.In the questionnaire handed to the students, the most commonly favored activity was speaking, every in groups or pairs. This was probably inherent to the fact that the vast majority of students wanted to achieve a general increase in their colloquial ability in English. No students listed writing as a preferred activity, and upon further conversation with students it seems that aiming and writing are seen as a inculpates of achieving better speaking and listening. With regards to learning styles, it seem s that visual learning activities initiated the go around response, with things like photos and pictures inducing the most class participation. However, thither were also some students who preferred either listening or kinesthetic activities.b) The groups communicative ability was generally OK, and almost all the students had the ability to wreak their point across. However, there were often mistakes in spoken sentences, the most common of which being the omission of auxiliary verbs and the confusion of tenses. With respect to dealing with not understanding, some of the more confident students would ask the teacher about plastered manner of speaking or apprehensions, whilst others had a tendency to look up wrangle in their dictionary or ask their neighbour.c) Arsen has quite strong subject skills. This was clear from the outset, as he was able to respond to most concept checking questions well. On a listening exercise on the subject of family relations, he was able to disting uish that a character had previously lived upstairs, but straight he lives with his aunt and uncle. This was a question that many other students tripped up on due to not understanding the context of the past tense. In addition, Arsen handled a consumeing exercise well. Upon being given metre to read a body of text concerning how English people spend their time at work, he was able to correctly answer questions on how much of this is actually spent working, so this indicates good general comprehension.Conversely, Avtar has relatively abject listening skills. He often confuses words and misunderstands instructions, which as a depart leads to sometimes trying to carry out travails in an haywire way. This was explicit in one exercise where the teacher asked him where the past participle was in the sentence. This induced a flurry of (incorrect) responses including window and steam train.His reading is also quite poor one example of this was during a comprehension task where stude nts had a list of statements and they had to simply tick which ones were true for them, but he instead began by underlining various words in the statements. Avtar would therefore pull in from being asked plenty of concept and instruction checking questions to clarify his understanding, and this might declare his frequent contributions to the lesson more relevant.Part 2 Strengths and Weaknessesa)He met her while he was working in a bar. (Grammar)The majority of British people read a newspaper regularly. (Vocabulary) He used to live in Australia. (Pronunciation)b)1) The student (Avtar) said Do you read a good book at the moment? (Grammar) This is incorrect because he used the present simple form instead of the continuous form, so it should be are you reading a good book at the moment? This mistake was probably do because the student assumed that since he was referring to the present tense, the verb was of the present simple form. However, this is incorrect as in this context, the a ct of reading is a continuous action.2) The student (Agneska) wrote that At least twice a week is different to two times a week or more (Vocab)This is incorrect because these phrases are actually identical in meaning. The misunderstanding here has come from not realizing that at least in this context means a minimum of.3) The student (Marwha) said The average men does.(Pronounciation)Marwha meant to say the average man but pronounced, man with a /e/ sound rather than a // sound.Part 3 Helping the learner1. For Avtar, the problem lies in identifying which tense and verb form to use. For this reason, I would suggest that he completes a missing words type task, where he must choose the correct form of a verb in the context of a short body of text. The exercise could also have the base infinitive form of the required verb next to the empty home so that students are clear which verb to apply. This type of exercise could really advance Avtar, especially since he sometimes confuses inst ructions, and in this task the process is very clear. (See next page for example of task.)2. Agneska has been confused due to the fact that there are so many ways to compare things in English. She require practice using comparatives, so I have designed a short task (see back page) where she must match up phrases that mean the same in English. This task might be particularly qualified for Agneska due to the fact that she said she was learning English to further her life and make her more employable, and having a range of comparatives and being able to use them correctly is common practice in any kind of big businessman job.

Let’s start with Africa, book rerort Essay

The Caribbean is a distinct civilization made up of a range of culture, tradition and religious practices. In the Caribbean there atomic number 18 a number of contains written by Caribbean authors that attempt to give keenness into the way of career of Caribbean people. Let us get rolling with Africa Foundations of Rastafarian sciences is hotshot such harbor that delves into the sphere of Rastafarianism. Let us start with Africa Foundations of Rastafari scholarship is based on the commemoration on the inaugural Rastafari Studies Conference, held in expansive 2010. It provides signifi reart unpublished work of the past fifty years of Rastafarianism. The intensity was edited by Jahlani Niaah a lecturer in cultural and Rastafari studies, found for Caribbean studies at the University of the westmost Indies, Mona, Jamaica, where he also coordinates the Rastafari studies unit and Erin MacLeod a instructor at Vanier College in Montreal, Canada, and has served as a postdoctora l fellow at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.The editors aim is the text meant to both commemorate and celebrate scholars and practitioners of Rastafari- our aim is to raise not only a range of thinking ab surface the travail entirely the ways in which the gallery, a movement which takes reasoning as a key practice, has encouraged reasoning about itself, the Pan African community and the international African presence. The main contributors to the collection atomic number 18 Mortimo Planno, Roy Augier, BarryChevannes and Rex Nettleford. Various societal, political and historical expirations were highlighted in the book. Consequently this paper get out seek to discuss the issues that appealed to me intellectually as well as emotionally gender disparity, repatriation and the role of reggae in spite of appearance the Rastafarian Diaspora.Rastafarianism is a male reign movement that reflects gender differences. This is enforced by various rules and practices t hat perpetuate a womans subordination and inferiority to men. For example the Nyabinghi practices tend to reenforce the patriarchal orientation to the Rastafari movement. Males dominate binghi proceedings in their roles as drummers, priests and keepers of the binghi fires. Furthermore, women are not allowed to take single out in the communal ritual of reasoning a consideration defined as sacred by the Rastafari. This was the context in which the brethren prayed, in which elders coined ideology, in which new members were socialized, and through which all sought-after(a) the inspiration of the divine. The reasoning ritual is a key smell of the Rastafari and the concomitant that women are excluded from this important ritual is endemic of the minute role women touch in the larger issues of the Rastafari movement and undercuts generally their involvement in the corporate trust. In addition to being excluded from significant rituals within the movement, a woman snip off code is di ctated by the men within the religion. For instance, women heads must be covered so that her locks are not exposed as a sign of modesty and obedience to her husband or Kingman.Also her raiment must cover her shoulders and extends to the mid calf or ankle. These forms speak to emblematical subordination in the understanding that a womans path to Jah is always through a man. It is ironic that Rastafarianism as such a socially conscious movement alloting with the horrors of oppression and exploitation of blacks face up under the British colonial rule would invoke this kind of wickedness and superiority over the women of the faith. Under British rule women were seen as infertile and therefore paid lower wages to that of their counterparts. They were also seen as churl bearers and were considered to be financial liability. It is inconceivable to me that women right away are faced with the equal indignities proposed to them of Massa days by black men who work experience the c ompete first hand to reduce to the same ideology. In my opinion women arebeing dictated by another form of imperialism through the Rastafari movement. Rastafarian women are as such intriguing their roles and demanding greater equality. For example, one of the soonest published statements by a Rastafarian woman critiquing the position of women within Rastafari is that of Maureen Rowe.Central to Rastafarian theology is the notion of repatriation. Thus throughout the book, the issue of and repatriation kept surfacing. Repatriation is physical movement to evanesce to the lay of Africa, the new Zion. Repatriation is a theological rather than a political concept. Rastafari attributes to Marcus Garvey the inspiration to realize to Africa. In Roy Augiers keynote lecture, he stated, Rastafari began with Africa, from Garveys prophetic call to front to the east, to the commitment of early adherents to a newly crowned king in Ethiopia, it is clear that Rastafari begins in Africa. Not coin cidence with the title of the book, Let us start with Africa. The 2010 conference made the connection to Africa as it marked the 18 anniversary of the coronation of His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie and the fiftieth anniversary of the confines publication of the report on the Rastafari movement in Kingston, Jamaica by scholars comprehensive of Roy Augier. Repatriation is a topic that has caused a number of debates. For instance, at the conference Augier describes the fate for a strong relationship between the Caribbean and Africa.However his thinking, presents a flight of stairs that leads not physically but spiritually to Africa within the Caribbean and specifically in Jamaica. This new thinking was a topic of controversy as Augier was challenging one of the fundamental tenets of the movement. Many others regard the Rastafari as unpatriotic and anti-Jamaica because of their insist Ethiopian identity and the stance they took on repatriation. The topic of repatriation, in my diorama furthers the notion of Caribbean identity the histories of displacement brought about by slavery. It is an attempt to reconnect with a lost Africa. The identity with Africa because they were told thats where they came from and may be wondering to where do they belong. In spite of this though, I believe that if this is their desire to return to their catching home it should be considered by the powers responsible for the disconnect between Africa and the Caribbean but more specifically Jamaica. Consideration of repatriationshould also be given as they were not afforded the same opportunity as indentured laborers did in getting land or being given the opportunity to return to their land of origin. Many of them stayed in the Caribbean but it was emancipation of choice. Therefore the controversy environ the issues of repatriation is reflected on the colonial view of Africans.Unquestionably is the role practice of medicine play on the Rastafari movement? The power in the mu sic is an important part in understanding how Caribbean society is shaped and structured. Many societal thinkers have pointed to the importance of music as representative of the soul of a society. This can be said of the genre Reggae, synonymous with Jamaica and Rastafari. That reflects the lyrics of oppression. The rhythm of reggae occurred from the Ska in the 1950 S, quiver steady in the 1960s and later roots reggae in the 1970s dog Marley gained popularization with his lyrics of redemption, which demonstrates the power of reggae music to fight for human rights, freedom and unity. Reggae music encapsulated the spiritual tone of Rastafarianism and poverty. Reggae music is an important means of transporting the beliefs of Rastafarianism. tally to Rex Nettleford, in his writing From the Cross to the Throne, the influence was very strong, and this reflected in the music. I keep telling people that the music, from Ska right through to reggae and I take on dancehall, appropriated th e Rastafarian movement not the other way around. Reggae music was able to perform important persuasive functions, such as recruitment and legitimation of the Rastafarian faith.Furthermore it reconceptualized the notion of Rastafarian from criminals and Drug addicts to the movement which sought for social change. The musician became the messenger in particularly bob Marley whose messages was able to cross international borders. Maybe receivable to the themes of his songs that cut across all aspects of humanity. Reggae evokes a message of universal suffrage, and in doing so break ups a theme of class consciousness to the poor, illiterate and oppressed and a speciality through which one can express their discontent. As a social commentary, reggae is a powerful means of attacking what is wrong in Jamaica, as well as the world. The music of Rastafarians is not only an artistic excogitation in the Jamaican society, but an expression of rejection of the white mans Babylon.Reggaes in creasingly politicized lyrics addressed Rasta concerns with social and sparing injustice, the rejection of white culture, and the pressures of life in Jamaica. Early reggae artists, such as Jimmy Cliff, Peter boloney brought the message of Rastafarianism into the musical world but it is my opinion that the movement was popularized by Bob Marley. Therefore it is hard to imagine Rastafarianism without reggae and by extension Bob Marley. The contribution made by BOB Marley was delivered by Mortimo Planno in a bush Radio Interview So that was the purpose of having Bob Marley in Trench town, that we use him as our MessenJah who carry the messages around the world that today I can able feh be talking to my brethren and sistren in sulphur Africa.In writing this paper I discovered a a few(prenominal) things. The first is that Rastafarian women have experienced a great deal of denigration and oppression by the male counterparts and women are speaking out on the issue of biases with the mo vement. Although it has been changing significantly women still have kind of a long way to go in order to reach equality within the movement. However, I am also sympathetic to the position that the Rasta culture is something that I can never quite understand due to my not being a part of it. I must look at it more objectively and see that many Rasta women finds content in their position and they may find content in this position and get that it is an integral role to their family life as well as to their community. This leads me to the deduction that I should not be quick to judge the Rastafarian faith and their beliefs. Despite their negative treatment of woman, Rastafarian has an abundance of positive and socially conscious ethics. These should be preserved. In my own opinion, I feel that those elements of the Rasta faith can be preserved while still allowing woman a more prominent and equal role in the family and community.Another aspect that was discussed was is the issues of repatriation. In the early years of the movements development, one of its tenets were Haile Selassie was the embodiment of Christian divinity(the swart Christ or Black Messiah) and the entire African race divided in his divinity and there would be a mystic return to the African homeland(known as Repatriation) as a redemption). This was met with controversy as it was seen as an unpatriotic. Undoubtedly, was that reggae music played an integral role in the global sp guide of the Rastafarian movement? With the lyrics rooted in fightingsocial and economic injustice. Bob Marley was one of the major contributors to the expansion of the faith. I found the book to be useful, particularly in debunking the myths of Rastafarian culture. Despite the particular that upon purchasing when I read the book covers in its entirety I was disappointed to Rastafarian which meant the book was about Rastafarianism, which as a Christian was not really interested. I wanted to purchase another book but financial strains would not allow me to. However I am glad that I read the book and would recommend it to students of Caribbean studies, anyone with an interest in culture and history. The Language of the book was a bit challenging specially in the first chapter but as you continued reading it was read with more ease.BibliographyGebert Paravisini Lizabeth Olmos, fernandez, Margarite,. Creole Religions of the Caribbean. New York New york Press, 2003. Print.Niaah Jahlani, Macleod Erin. Let us start with Africa, Foundations of Rastafari Scholarship. Mona, Kingston, Jamaica The University of the West Indies Press, 2013. Print.The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religious. Vols. volume 2 M-L. n.d.

Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior †Socl215

September 8, 2011 Phase 4 Individual Project Sociology and Understanding humankind Behavior SOCL215 The sports sociology exists because of the strong relationship between sports and bon ton. As a culture, we as Americans value sports for the entertain manpowert, physical activity and many new(prenominal) benefits it provides to us. I accept that is the reason so much research has gone into disc overing how and why it mints us as a society. Sports atomic number 18 enjoyed all over the world, particularly soccer and baseball in many parts of the globe. I am a really big fan of and enjoy football enlivened game game game. It is my favorite sport.During the fall and wintertime months much of my life rotates around cosmos able to watch overlord football games and to cheer for my favorite aggroup, the Carolina Panthers. Its my favorite sport because I enjoy the push, the socialization, competition and action. Because it is so widely revered in America, it is non very diffi cult to find another football fan or sports bar. Football is widely represented in the media which similarly helps to be a fan. ESPN (Entertainment Sports Programing Net wee-wee) covers games if you may consent missed a game or flow as well as offer news or so(predicate) team ups and players.During the local news broadcast a sports segment is forever included. And in local as well as nationally published newspapers a sports section is included. I however am not a emblematic viewer/fan in the football demographic. Most fans are midst aged white men that make $55,000. However the number of women reflexion football is on the incline. According to the New York Times the number of women honoring Sunday Night Football has increased 23 percent over the last two years. (Baker, 2011) The fan base for football is expanding for minorities as well. I judge this is because much minorities are playing the sport.To get a give out understanding of how sports and society affect one ano ther I went to a local high school football game. I retain always gone to football games as a fan, never as an beh superannuateder and I knew this experience would be different. I decided to attend this import because I enjoy football and I knew a few of the students from accomplishment that go the high school. It was also an opportunity to learn more about high school, I usually only watch NFL (National Football League) football games. The following are my observations from the fieldwork done during the football game.The setting for this game was a high school football game was Carolina Forest High School. The elements that would affect behavior included banners, posters and cheerleaders. This affected the inhabitation team in a positive way as they feel more support and motivation. It could negatively affect the away team as they feel intimidated and home team as they could feel more pressure to win. The attendees/fans were students, parents, cheerleaders, ROTC members, teac hers and other leaping team members. Most of the fans were white high school students between the ages of 14 to 17.I would say it was divided pretty evenly between males and females. They agnisemed fastness middle straighten out with a few that seemed to be upper class. The players were corresponding to the fans as they were high school students, 14 to 17 years old and middle class but there were a few more black players than white. The dress of the fans was typical of teenagers. Students mostly wore jeans, T-Shirts and flip flops. Many were shirts that had the schools logotype and mascot on it. There was a group of young men with cop dyed black and wore similar skateboard type attire.The students seemed to stay in groups together as did the parents. There definitely seemed to be groups that stayed to themselves and did not socialise with anyone outside of their group. This behavior applied to parents and students. The students in these groups were of the same social class a nd did dress similarly. The atmosphere was very positive and happy at the football games. The home team won which helped with the atmosphere. There were a couple moments of tightness when the home team had a penalty or was losing. I axiom symbolism in the flags utilise by the high schools NJROTC drill field team.Other symbolism I saw was employ by the referees. They use hand gestures to convey the penalties being issued to either team. The other observation I noticed was the language used during the football game. Students used chants that were exclusive to their school to show their support. There was also verbiage used to describe which down and field position the game was being compete at. There was also commentary from the announcers tell the audience which players were preforming which plays and their positions. From my field work I learned that energy of the game is in direct correlation of fans.Because many high school students dont know the rules of football and go to games as a form of socialization only the energy isnt as high. However there seemed to be less tensity and conflict among the fans as a result of this. When emotions run high, there is a greater risk of conflict. This seems to happen a lot in football because of the loyalty fans feel for their team. I previously stated in hebdomad ones assignment that functionalist perspective was most useful when looking for at the sociology of football because it played a part in society has a purpose to fulfill as a whole.And I nonoperational believe holds true. It helps to bring people together, gives a sense of competition and a use model for children. It also helps fund the education of promising athletes and promotes wide physical wellbeing. American football culture has a positive doctor on society. College students that show promise are able to get a higher education on a full paid scholarship. This allows more potentially more successful people in society. People passim the world lo ve sports. Mankind loves to get together for a uncouth interest and celebrate.Even in the face of war and other lay waste to losses, we as a society result feel hope and ecstasy from the victory of our sports team. This is the reason why sociologists are so interested in researching sports. It is a strange and intriguing phenomenon. I think the reason the so many participate is the social status it gives you. Children look up to athletes as role models. There is also the factor of money as well. Fans will dedicate a lot of money and loyalty to their favorite players. I also think they enjoy the feeling of having people rely on their abilities and come from very far away to watch them play.Many only when have a passion for the sport they play. Fans play large roles in society. One way they do this is by providing economy to metropolitan areas that have professional or college sports teams. They are also the reason why sports media has grownup to be what it is now. If it werent for fans there would be look at to have things, the likes of instant replay that has helped the integrity of many sports. We wouldnt have follow parties so more members of society can come together for a common interest. The importance of sport varies with the individual. It plays little or no role in the lives of some people.For others, it is a light diversion from the cares of allday life. scarcely for many, it is a central feature of their existence. (Delaney, 2003) Sports will continue to play a part in society, people will gather from all crosswise the world to watch sports like we do with the Olympics. There will also be controversy and conflict but I believe the benefits of enjoying sports quiet down make being a sports fan deserving the effort. References Baker, K. (2011, January 28). Gridiron Girls. Retrieved September 8, 2011, from nytimes. com http//www. nytimes. com/2011/01/30/magazine/30FOB-wwln-t. html? _r=1 Delaney, T. (2003). Sports and degenerate Behavior.Re trieved September 8, 2011, from philosophynow. org http//www. philosophynow. org/issue41/Sports_and_Deviant_Behavior Response to Peer Discussion Board Suggestions and Questions I think the number of women observation football is unsurprising because many women have men in their lives that love football and expose women to the sport. I grew up watching the New York Giants because my father and our family favored that team. I stopped watching football so often until I met my husband and now we watch every game that is played by his favorite team. If I didnt have these influences didnt exist in my life, I wouldnt watch sports at all.Ive always enjoyed independent research. I like to work with groups and on my own which is a wonderful benefit to going to Colorado skilful University. I like being able to physically research and see for myself the ideas and concepts that are in our textbook. It makes the subject of Sociology feel more real. An interesting menses is that fan behavior is not only affected by the game it is also affected by the team or sponsor they play for. I think its very true that some fans are definitely fair weather. Meaning a fan likes a team or supports a team because they win or are winners.I believe in supporting a team even if they lapse or are not a very popular team. another(prenominal) point I didnt mention was how fans affect the player righteous in a game. I think that if fans are cheering for a team and have good energy that this can affect a team in good and bad ways good because the team will try to perform better and bad because they may not perform as well because they feel they dont need to try as hard. There can also be the reverse gear effect of a team that is not doing well and is not being supports. They can either succumb to the negativity or work harder to subordinate it.

Legalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin

Legalizing hemp Marc Dalcin Dr. Marie Carroll Ashford entry To Ethics And Social Responsibility 08/10/12 hemp has been at the center of a heated reckon regarding its legitimation. It has received both(prenominal) reproach and praise in equal mea authoritative. Critics refer to marihuana as a devil weed while moderateers pay off often referred it to a miracle medicate. condescension the different references to hemp, at that place has been a prolonged pass on on whether it should be legalized for soulfulness-to-person uptake or non. at that place ar ii approaches to the enjoyment of ganja with champion involving medicinal purposes while the other involves purposes of pleasure. checkup intimatelyness is an strategic aspect of military personnele life and the legalisation of hemp for medicinal purposes has the grandness of improving human wellness. In the case of using hemp for pleasure, in that location is the issue of jest at of medicates, which oft en yields in lawlessness among recitationrs. Legalizing hemp presents an respectable dilemma in the sense that it is difficult to ascertain the intentions of the dors beca accustom of goods and services the drug whitethorn end up being apply for the faulty reasons (Burnham, 2011).This study departs a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dilemma arising from the debate on legalizing ganja and presents the handling of deontological think supposition in declaration the dilemma. The story as well as includes a comparison between deontological debate and relativism with the flattual(prenominal) acknowledgment of the surmisal that best relates to the personalised opinion with regards to the debate on legalizing ganja. The header of legalizing hemp Should the routine personal substance ab subprogram of ganja be legalized? There argon numerous rehearses associated with hemp.AIDS and potentiometercer patients find ganja utilizable as a drug that restore s appetite and fights nausea. hemp also has nutritionary look on because its seeds contain vitamins and domiciliate be employ in preparing prep anele (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Research studies also indicate that the marijuana ordure be apply in the manu featureuring of clothes. The plant has been utilize in the manu positionuring of paper and turn worldly for a very long judgment of conviction and is considered produce higher(prenominal) kernel of fibre compared to trees. Environmentalists pass water found the marijuana plant grand in addressing the trouble of deforestation and soil erosion. cannabis is beneficial in the riposte of wooly soil nutrients. To law enforcement agencies, marijuana is considered to play a major region in increasing the go of crime rates. A material good turn of incarcerated pitifuls concur at least used marijuana preliminary to their arrest. The in a higher place analysis on the use of marijuana and its impact whole the way points come in to the event that ace group will support the legalization of marijuana while the other will oppose much(prenominal)(prenominal) a move. However, the debate mess be gaind using two theories of deontological reason out and relativism.Deontological ratiocination The opening of deontological reasoning aims that bodily processs are either correct or pervert in themselves without taking into account their solvents. The theory of deontological reasoning can be best explained with the use of an example of a murder case. In such(prenominal) a situation, a deontologist considers the act of murder as legal injuryly base on the fact that it involves taking the life of another person. It is pretended that earth put one across the business of preserving life because one should never exhaust no matter the circumstances (Mizzoni, 2009).In a nutshell, this implies that the end does not apologize the factor. Generally, deontologists believe that human beings beget the debt instrument of upholding cleanity. People live the moral duty to do the the reclaim way things and avoid doing things that are wrong. The consequences of an action are never considered in determining whether the action is near or wrong. An soul has to consider his or her moral duty in request to stag moral decisions. In this case, the personal use of marijuana is considered decently or wrong found on the moral duty of users instead than the consequence of the plant on its user.The theory of deontological reasoning is connected to collar concepts including rights, duties and principles (Burnham, 2011). However, our reciprocation provided focuses on duties in analyzing the debate on legalizing the personal use of marijuana. There is a brief discussion of the concept of rights with regards to the theory of deontological reasoning. If an case-by-case has the right to life, other plenty put on the duty of make sure that such a right is respected. This relates with the issue of legalizing the use of marijuana. From a sterilises perspective, medical marijuana has medicinal value and can be used in preserving life through meliorate.In such a case, the brass and law enforcement agencies have the duty of respecting the right to life by legalizing the use of marijuana in providing handling (Gerber, 2004). ganja whitethorn also be used for a different purpose such as pleasure, which may eventually result in users going insane. In regulate to conserves the life of users, there is an urgent need to make it guilty for users to exclaim marijuana. This is because it will reduce the chip of cases related to drug abuse hence saving a significant tot up of the human tribe from get insane or engaging in abominable activities.Insanity and criminal actions have may result in the loss of life. The theory of deontological bearing proposes two classes of duties. First, there are general duties, which are commonly set as prohibit ions. Examples of prohibitions include do not kill, do not steal, and wait on the barren among other general duties. The second class of duties relate to duties arising from the fact that there exists specific social relationships. For instance, if an individual has made a promise, because he or she has the duty of keeping the promise.Additionally, if one is a parent, so he or she has the duty to provide for the children. In this case, legalizing the personal use of marijuana is considered under the class of general duties (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011). sensation argument is that marijuana should be prohibited because it involves abuse of substances. On the other hand, doctors with patients have the duty to provide them with treatment even if it involves the use of marijuana as a medicine. doubting Thomas notes that each person has duties related to personal actions. An individual has a duty to keep promises, barely does not have the duty to fancy that promises are kept. check to t he theory of deontology, raft should be more concerned with fulfilling personal duties but never make attempts of bringing out the most good. This is because it may result in the violation of the concept of a duty. In this case, we only have the duty of meeting the needs of other people preferably than increase the good (Mizzoni, 2009). There are a number of actions that people may choose from but they are free to act as they please. Basically, this means that people have the option of using marijuana for some(prenominal) reasons careless(predicate) of its consequences. There are instances when duties conflict with each other.W. D. Ross notes that in such cases, one does not require rules in solving such a conflict. One is only required to use their judgment in arriving at a solution. However, there are cases whereby one lacks the criteria that can be used in making decisions (Mizzoni, 2009). Deontologists argue that identifying the intentions of actions can provide a solution. Ross argues that actions are goaded to be wrong or right based on the intentions of the agent. Therefore, deontological reasoning justifies the legalization of marijuana on the basis that it is used to break human health.The use of marijuana can only be considered vile if users delineate to harm others. Relativism According to the theory of relativism, an action is considered moral or debauched relative to the cultural norms of the agent. This means that an action is considered right or wrong based on the moral norms of the socialization in spite of appearance which it is practiced. A incident action may be considered moral in one culture while immoral in another culture. Relativists are hostile to the use of universal moral standards in determining whether an action is right or wrong (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).The join Kingdom may consider the use marijuana as virtuously wrong while Amsterdam considers it morally right. According to relativists, there is no standard framew ork to be used in resolving moral disputes such as the legalization of marijuana crosswise different members of society. Relativism is different from deontological reasoning in the sense that upholds societal norms as the determining factor on moral issues. According to relativism, marijuana should be legalized or not based on what society considers being moral or immoral (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).However, in the case of deontological reasoning, actions are considered to be right or wrong based on the moral duties of an individual. Whereas relativism places furiousness on society in solving ethical dilemmas, deontological reasoning places idiom on the moral duty of an individual. In this case, a relativist may support the legalization of marijuana because it is commonly used among members of his or her society. The similar person may oppose legalizing marijuana because it is uncommon to use marijuana or use of marijuana is considered immoral within his society.The theory of relativ ism raises a number of strategic issues related to legalizing marijuana. First, different societies have conflicting moral beliefs and that believes of people within a society are deeply determined by their culture. It is consequently important that we incorporate the relativism when arguing for or against legalizing marijuana. Second, the theory provides for the exploration of reasons that figure out the differences in beliefs of different individuals. This ensures that we also challenge the beliefs we hold for or against the legalization of marijuana (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana should be legalizedMy personal opinion is that there should be the legalization of marijuana. After making comparisons between the theory of relativism and deontological reasoning, I have disc everywhereed that relativism contains views that are closer to my own views. The issue of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana should be determine on the basis of what society views to be right or wrong rather than t he moral duties of an individual. The theory of deontological reasoning argues that individuals have the moral duty to do what is right and at the same time avoid what is wrong but such actions are never aimed at aximizing most good (Gerber, 2004). However, relativism argues that an action is morally good or evil based on the cultural norms of a society. In such a case, actions are either considered to be good or braggart(a) for the embodied benefit of society. This means that marijuana should be legalized because it helps the society or it should be made illegal because it harms the society. There are two perspectives that can be used in supporting the use of marijuana. They include marijuana as a medicine and marijuana as an unlawful drug. Medical MarijuanaSince 1972, medical marijuana has been considered an illegal substance in the United States and across a number of countries in the world. In the United States, the congress verboten the use of medical marijuana on the basis that it was harmful to the health of consumers and even placed it in the first schedule of the Controlled Substances Act. Generally, the congress considered that the drug did not have any healthy gains for the human body. However, recent look into studies on the effects of marijuana provided different results to the claims presented by the US congress.Theses investigate studies have led to the discovery that medical marijuana can be used as medicine and has the potential to heal a number of diseases (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana contains a chemical THC, which has been proven to be harmless to human body. The young discoveries provide enough reasons for the legalization of marijuana. Failure to legalize marijuana implies that a significant number of people will be denied plan of attack to beseeming medication. Marijuana as an illicit drug Illicit drug use is a major job and many countries led by the US have found it very difficult to address the problem.Various organizations hav e formal a number of programs aimed at solving the problem including treatment and streak programs, international narcotics control, and drug education programs (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). contempt the efforts of government agencies to solve the problem of illicit drugs use, there is still an increase in the number of drug users. Research studies indicate that marijuana is the most commonly step illicit drug. A perfect example is that in 1990, the US enter most 6 million people using marijuana on a weekly basis or more.The increasing usage of marijuana as an illicit drug has been closely associated with crime rates all over the world. In 2002, the US reported that approximately 40 pct of gaol adults have at least tried using marijuana. This has the meaning that the legalization of marijuana presents a big threat to law and order. Despite the fact that the use of marijuana has become a major problem, the fight against its use has proven to be very costly compared to the benefits accrued from legalizing marijuana.For instance, the United States of the States spends approximately 12 billion dollars in fighting the problem of marijuana. Legalizing the use of the same drug has the benefit of earning revenues for the government from taxation of marijuana. sooner of the government banning the use marijuana, it should legalize it but ensure that its cultivation, change and leveraging are regulated in order to control criminal activities associated with marijuana (Gerber, 2004). Legalizing marijuana is indeed an ethical dilemma given the fact that it can be used as medicine as well as an illicit drug.However, deontological reasoning proposes that an action is good or incompetent based on the moral duty of an individual rather than its consequence. The theory then proposes that the morality of legalizing the use of marijuana is a personal choice. On the contrary, the theory of relativism proposes that an action is morally ethical relative to the cu lture within such an action is practiced (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). It is on the basis of the theory of relativism that I propose the legalization of the use of marijuana.The benefits of legalizing marijuana such as healing and stinting value far outweigh the cost of prohibiting its use. References Burnham, A. (2011). Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana. New York grin Verlag. Gerber, J. R. (2004). Legalizing Marijuana Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. New York Greenwood issue Group. Jebreal, R. & Lukes, S. (2011). object lesson Relativism. New York Profile Books. Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics The Basics. New York John Wiley & Sons. Rosenthal, E. , Kubby, S. & Newhart, S. (2003). why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Chicago Running Press.Legalizing Marijuana Marc DalcinLegalizing Marijuana Marc Dalcin Dr. Marie Carroll Ashford Intro To Ethics And Social Responsibility 08/10/12 Marijuana has been at the center of a heated debate regarding its legalization. It has received b oth criticism and praise in equal measure. Critics refer to marijuana as a devil weed while supporters have often referred it to a miracle drug. Despite the different references to marijuana, there has been a prolonged debate on whether it should be legalized for personal use or not.There are two approaches to the use of marijuana with one involving medicinal purposes while the other involves purposes of pleasure. Medical health is an important aspect of human life and the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes has the importance of improving human health. In the case of using marijuana for pleasure, there is the issue of abuse of drugs, which often results in lawlessness among users. Legalizing marijuana presents an ethical dilemma in the sense that it is difficult to ascertain the intentions of the users hence the drug may end up being used for the wrong reasons (Burnham, 2011).This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical dilemma arising from the debate o n legalizing marijuana and presents the use of deontological reasoning theory in solving the dilemma. The paper also includes a comparison between deontological reasoning and relativism with the eventual identification of the theory that best relates to the personal opinion with regards to the debate on legalizing marijuana. The question of legalizing marijuana Should the use personal use of marijuana be legalized? There are numerous uses associated with marijuana.AIDS and cancer patients find marijuana useful as a drug that restores appetite and fights nausea. Marijuana also has nutritional value because its seeds contain vitamins and can be used in preparing cooking oil (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Research studies also indicate that the marijuana can be used in the manufacturing of clothes. The plant has been used in the manufacturing of paper and clothing material for a very long time and is considered produce higher amount of fibre compared to trees. Environmentalists ha ve found the marijuana plant important in addressing the problem of deforestation and soil erosion.Marijuana is beneficial in the restoration of lost soil nutrients. To law enforcement agencies, marijuana is considered to play a major role in increasing the number of crime rates. A significant number of incarcerated criminals have at least used marijuana prior to their arrest. The above analysis on the use of marijuana and its impact clearly points out to the fact that one group will support the legalization of marijuana while the other will oppose such a move. However, the debate can be solved using two theories of deontological reasoning and relativism.Deontological Reasoning The theory of deontological reasoning proposes that actions are either correct or wrong in themselves without taking into account their consequences. The theory of deontological reasoning can be best explained with the use of an example of a murder case. In such a situation, a deontologist considers the act o f murder as wrong based on the fact that it involves taking the life of another person. It is assumed that humans have the duty of preserving life hence one should never kill no matter the circumstances (Mizzoni, 2009).In a nutshell, this implies that the end does not justify the means. Generally, deontologists believe that human beings have the duty of upholding morality. People have the moral duty to do the right things and avoid doing things that are wrong. The consequences of an action are never considered in determining whether the action is right or wrong. An individual has to consider his or her moral duty in order to make moral decisions. In this case, the personal use of marijuana is considered right or wrong based on the moral duty of users rather than the consequence of the plant on its user.The theory of deontological reasoning is connected to three concepts including rights, duties and principles (Burnham, 2011). However, our discussion only focuses on duties in analyzi ng the debate on legalizing the personal use of marijuana. There is a brief discussion of the concept of rights with regards to the theory of deontological reasoning. If an individual has the right to life, other people have the duty of making sure that such a right is respected. This relates with the issue of legalizing the use of marijuana. From a doctors perspective, medical marijuana has medicinal value and can be used in preserving life through healing.In such a case, the government and law enforcement agencies have the duty of respecting the right to life by legalizing the use of marijuana in providing treatment (Gerber, 2004). Marijuana may also be used for a different purpose such as pleasure, which may eventually result in users going insane. In order to preserve the life of users, there is an urgent need to make it illegal for users to abuse marijuana. This is because it will reduce the number of cases related to drug abuse hence saving a significant number of the human po pulation from getting insane or engaging in criminal activities.Insanity and criminal actions have may result in the loss of life. The theory of deontological behavior proposes two classes of duties. First, there are general duties, which are commonly identified as prohibitions. Examples of prohibitions include do not kill, do not steal, and assist the needy among other general duties. The second class of duties relate to duties arising from the fact that there exists specific social relationships. For instance, if an individual has made a promise, then he or she has the duty of keeping the promise.Additionally, if one is a parent, then he or she has the duty to provide for the children. In this case, legalizing the personal use of marijuana is considered under the class of general duties (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011). One argument is that marijuana should be prohibited because it involves abuse of substances. On the other hand, doctors with patients have the duty to provide them with tre atment even if it involves the use of marijuana as a medicine. Aquinas notes that each person has duties related to personal actions. An individual has a duty to keep promises, but does not have the duty to ensure that promises are kept.According to the theory of deontology, people should be more concerned with fulfilling personal duties but never make attempts of bringing out the most good. This is because it may result in the violation of the concept of a duty. In this case, we only have the duty of meeting the needs of other people rather than maximize the good (Mizzoni, 2009). There are a number of actions that people may choose from but they are free to act as they please. Basically, this means that people have the option of using marijuana for whatever reasons regardless of its consequences. There are instances when duties conflict with each other.W. D. Ross notes that in such cases, one does not require rules in solving such a conflict. One is only required to use their judgm ent in arriving at a solution. However, there are cases whereby one lacks the criteria that can be used in making decisions (Mizzoni, 2009). Deontologists argue that identifying the intentions of actions can provide a solution. Ross argues that actions are determined to be wrong or right based on the intentions of the agent. Therefore, deontological reasoning justifies the legalization of marijuana on the basis that it is used to improve human health.The use of marijuana can only be considered illegal if users intend to harm others. Relativism According to the theory of relativism, an action is considered moral or immoral relative to the cultural norms of the agent. This means that an action is considered right or wrong based on the moral norms of the culture within which it is practiced. A particular action may be considered moral in one culture while immoral in another culture. Relativists are opposed to the use of universal moral standards in determining whether an action is righ t or wrong (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).The United Kingdom may consider the use marijuana as morally wrong while Amsterdam considers it morally right. According to relativists, there is no standard framework to be used in resolving moral disputes such as the legalization of marijuana across different members of society. Relativism is different from deontological reasoning in the sense that upholds societal norms as the determining factor on moral issues. According to relativism, marijuana should be legalized or not based on what society considers being moral or immoral (Jebreal & Lukes, 2011).However, in the case of deontological reasoning, actions are considered to be right or wrong based on the moral duties of an individual. Whereas relativism places emphasis on society in solving ethical dilemmas, deontological reasoning places emphasis on the moral duty of an individual. In this case, a relativist may support the legalization of marijuana because it is commonly used among members of his or her society. The same person may oppose legalizing marijuana because it is uncommon to use marijuana or use of marijuana is considered immoral within his society.The theory of relativism raises a number of important issues related to legalizing marijuana. First, different societies have conflicting moral beliefs and that believes of people within a society are deeply determined by their culture. It is therefore important that we incorporate the relativism when arguing for or against legalizing marijuana. Second, the theory provides for the exploration of reasons that influence the differences in beliefs of different individuals. This ensures that we also challenge the beliefs we hold for or against the legalization of marijuana (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana should be legalizedMy personal opinion is that there should be the legalization of marijuana. After making comparisons between the theory of relativism and deontological reasoning, I have discovered that relativism contains v iews that are closer to my own views. The issue of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana should be determine on the basis of what society views to be right or wrong rather than the moral duties of an individual. The theory of deontological reasoning argues that individuals have the moral duty to do what is right and at the same time avoid what is wrong but such actions are never aimed at aximizing most good (Gerber, 2004). However, relativism argues that an action is morally good or bad based on the cultural norms of a society. In such a case, actions are either considered to be good or bad for the collective benefit of society. This means that marijuana should be legalized because it helps the society or it should be made illegal because it harms the society. There are two perspectives that can be used in supporting the use of marijuana. They include marijuana as a medicine and marijuana as an illicit drug. Medical MarijuanaSince 1972, medical marijuana has been considered an illegal substance in the United States and across a number of countries in the world. In the United States, the congress banned the use of medical marijuana on the basis that it was harmful to the health of consumers and even placed it in the first schedule of the Controlled Substances Act. Generally, the congress considered that the drug did not have any healthy gains for the human body. However, recent research studies on the effects of marijuana provided different results to the claims presented by the US congress.Theses research studies have led to the discovery that medical marijuana can be used as medicine and has the potential to heal a number of diseases (Burnham, 2011). Marijuana contains a chemical THC, which has been proven to be harmless to human body. The new discoveries provide enough reasons for the legalization of marijuana. Failure to legalize marijuana implies that a significant number of people will be denied access to proper medication. Marijuana as an illicit drug Illi cit drug use is a major problem and many countries led by the US have found it very difficult to address the problem.Various governments have established a number of programs aimed at solving the problem including treatment and prevention programs, international narcotics control, and drug education programs (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). Despite the efforts of government agencies to solve the problem of illicit drugs use, there is still an increase in the number of drug users. Research studies indicate that marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug. A perfect example is that in 1990, the US recorded approximately 6 million people using marijuana on a weekly basis or more.The increasing usage of marijuana as an illicit drug has been closely associated with crime rates all over the world. In 2002, the US reported that approximately 40 percent of jailed adults have at least tried using marijuana. This has the implication that the legalization of marijuana presents a big threat to law and order. Despite the fact that the use of marijuana has become a major problem, the war against its use has proven to be very costly compared to the benefits accrued from legalizing marijuana.For instance, the United States of America spends approximately 12 billion dollars in fighting the problem of marijuana. Legalizing the use of the same drug has the benefit of earning revenues for the government from taxation of marijuana. Instead of the government banning the use marijuana, it should legalize it but ensure that its cultivation, sale and purchase are regulated in order to control criminal activities associated with marijuana (Gerber, 2004). Legalizing marijuana is indeed an ethical dilemma given the fact that it can be used as medicine as well as an illicit drug.However, deontological reasoning proposes that an action is good or bad based on the moral duty of an individual rather than its consequence. The theory therefore proposes that the morality of legalizing the use of marijuana is a personal choice. On the contrary, the theory of relativism proposes that an action is morally ethical relative to the culture within such an action is practiced (Rosenthal, Kubby & Newhart, 2003). It is on the basis of the theory of relativism that I propose the legalization of the use of marijuana.The benefits of legalizing marijuana such as healing and economic value far outweigh the cost of prohibiting its use. References Burnham, A. (2011). Benefits of Legalizing Marijuana. New York GRIN Verlag. Gerber, J. R. (2004). Legalizing Marijuana Drug Policy Reform and Prohibition Politics. New York Greenwood Publishing Group. Jebreal, R. & Lukes, S. (2011). Moral Relativism. New York Profile Books. Mizzoni, J. (2009). Ethics The Basics. New York John Wiley & Sons. Rosenthal, E. , Kubby, S. & Newhart, S. (2003). Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. Chicago Running Press.

Sample Autobiography

When I sit back and consider the significant events in my past, the important aspects of my current life, and my future goals, the underlying theme is one of appreciating diversity, peculiarly across ethnic and socioeconomic class lines. I was born and elevated in Brooklyn, New York, the product of a Catholic father with grow in Italy and a Jewish mother of Russian and Austrian ancestry. In my early geezerhood of education, the frustration with t distributivelyers mispronouncing my last name seemed as though it might never end.I remember how my father would approach the administrators of my elementary school before Honor Roll ceremonies to be sure they would tell it correctly as I walked across the stage for my moment of glory. The brat did not end until the seventh grade when I had my first wrangle in Spanish, at which point my teacher had some experience with exotic names and got you-zee-nee correct on the first try.I believe that I grew more, emotionally, socially, and int ellectually, during my four years of high school than during any other menstruum of time thus far. Midwood High School at Brooklyn College attracted students from e very(prenominal) pct of New York City. Indeed, it provided a rigorous academic environment, and with one college advisor for each graduating class of nearly 700 students, I managed to learn some important lessons nearly dealing with the system. Midwood continues to prepare its students well it has consistently placed among the top 50 in national rankings of high schools. It was at Midwood that I found my academic strengths and was given the tools to pursue them to the fullest extent affirmable. Because I was placed in a situation with few of the resources many students had in other better-funded schools, I acquire how to make the best of the situation. I began to search for a way to shell out my own concerns about the racial tensions.Within a few years I would find myself at Texas A&M University, bringing another(p renominal) drastic change in my lifestyle and the culture I would beget to adapt to. The past few years train been a very enjoyable experience, satisfying all of my intellectual and social needs. I have focused the next few years on developing a solid research program dealing with I have as well as put forth as much effort as possible in attempting to diversify the future of our profession. social psychological approaches to social issues, especially racial and ethnic relations.

Riordan’s Manufacturing Strategy

The Ordain Manufacturing Company utilizes the level strategy for their manufacturing and proceeds planning. The process begins with the raw materials that are received by the receiving team who realize all necessary materials are accounted for and this team moves the raw materials to the factory. The receiving supervisor ago compares shipping documents against entryd incoming orders for processing. These orders are then received by the inventory clerk and this person enters the information related to the raw materials service into the inventory system.The level strategy is beneficial for Ordain because they are adequate to(p) to maintain a stable surviveforce at all times, working(a) at a constant output rate. This strategy offers a schedule that keeps the finished product moving at the same rate end-to-end the production cycle. Ordain can continuously produce their products equal to the average demand of the goods. In addition, employees benefit from this strategy because they are guaranteed stable work hours and the costs of potentially decreased customer service levels and Increased memorial costs, (Jacobs, F. R. & Chase, R. , 2011). Forecasting Technique and ProcessThe quantitative forecasting technique Is the most hard-nosed for Ordain Manufacturing to utilize to determine the future gross revenue for their electric fans. numeric forecasting Is a statistical technique for making projections using selective information and prior experiences to predict those future sales establish on past trends. (Observationally. Com, 2014). Radians China plant prepares Its own forecast of electric fan sales that take place throughout the world. Their make-TCL-order stock process forecasts Its demand for the fans based on the average sales In the previous three geezerhood and anticipate the same for upcoming years.

Religion and Education Institutions

Since the beginning of mankind, each acculturation awards evidence of some sort of the devotion and development institutions. These institutions argon immanent to organized valet de chambre society. From teaching your grandson to assemble a tomahawk to worshipping the Hellenic god of war, multitude show religion and education in legion(predicate) polar ways.What does it mean to be apparitional? It means almost everything because religions partake in with the whole of human life and death. For centuries stack realise searched for the meaning and equity of their own nature and the nature of the universe. Religions are the result. We view religions as communities of concourse who share practices and beliefs, who gather together in special buildings to worship, and who have a special way of living. More then three-quarters of the worlds nation consider themselves members of some time of religion. Religion deals with almost all aspects of human life. It may have influenc e in marriage, work, and even food. Religion has been nearly for yards of years and it will continue for many more.There are thousands of religions and thousand more subdivisions of those. Religions are divided generally into superannuated and modern religions. non to say that the modern religions full originated in the past couple years, just they are still practiced in present times. Some of the ancient religions include Egyptian, Zoroastrianism, Greek, Roman, Norse, and Celtic. The beliefs of these religions vary greatly and you could write a paper on each one. Among the important modern religions, Christianity and Islam are the most popular passim the world. Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism, and many others are still practiced throughout the world. Hinduism and Buddhism are mainly practiced in the Far East. Christianity is most common among English speech countries. Islam is the primary religion in the African continent. There are thousands of variations of the reli gions that I have named previously.Religion and power have been closely related in the past millenium. Powerful leaders have taken advantage of peoples religion. Religion has to do with ones mind and if a leader controls religion, he controls the mind of his followers. In the past, priests and church leaders played important roles in the government. These roles gave them power and influence over the following people. The caste corpse in India places priests and other people with religious prowess on the top daily round of society. In the Vatican City, the pope runs the whole country. He is also the leader of the Catholic Church. This shows the relationship in the midst of power and the church. In many tribal societies, the medicament man or religious leader is well respected among his brethren. This is because of his matter with religion. Fundamentally, if you control your peoples mind, then you also control their body. numerous religious leaders have abuse their powers in the p ast and have been involved in brutal religious battles. The leaders in the churches ready power and develop a state of dictatorship. They go to war for their god. The crusades were a violent conflict, which occurred between two separate religions. This particular conflict was between the Christians and the Islamic people. The Muslims took over Jerusalem and the Christians spent years trying to remember the center of their religion. In more recent times the Jews were persecuted because of their religion. Hitler ordered the massacres of millions of people because of their religious beliefs. Many people have died sacrificing themselves for their religion. That is how powerful the institution of religion really is.Religion affects many things and United States politics are no exception. The churches try to influence who gets elected. They support candidates to further their beliefs. For example abortion, euthanasia, and homosexuality are current issues that churches are trying to have an impact on. They may go through money, educate their members one way or another, and have rallies in their church. For these dry lands, many politicians try to gain support from religious supporters.Several trends are demonstrate throughout the world. Many religious people looking the quality of religious education in schooldayss is unacceptable and therefore take it upon themselves to teach their children. This trunk is known as homeschooling. This has been becoming more and more popular every year. Another trend is the increase of nondenominational churches. These churches lack the title of Baptist, Lutheran, and such. The reason for this may be the harsh treatment of others from denomination to denomination.Another main institution among families throughout the world is education. There are many different types of education. Public, toffee-nosed, and traditional are the most common forms of education. Public Education consists of a government sponsored schooling frame , which is available to all people of the community. Some feel that this system is lacking, because they have no accountability. However, it does provide an education to everyone, rich or poor. The private school system is a business institution that does not receive support from the government. The parents pay to put their children in these institutions.The disadvantage of this system is the cost. They have to pay for public school in addition to the private school tuition. The advantage is it places kids of the highest capability and places them together. This maximizes learning potential. The traditional education system is most popular in small villages and undeveloped nations. This education would be your parents or elder teaching you the essentials to life. Your dad would take you out and show you how to hunt your mother would show you how to cook. This educational system is very limited, because you would solo learn as much as your teacher knows.Public education was develope d to expand the knowledge of United States citizens. The idea behind it was to set in everyone an equal fortune to learn. Before this time only the rich had the luxury of education. Everyone in the country pays taxes in order to support the institution. This money is used to develop schools and pay teachers. In turn, anyone can enroll in the school without any additional fees. This system is based on an equal opportunity theory. Everyone has the opportunity to learn if they have the desire.In the movie, School Ties, a boy experiences the prejudice of a private religious school. He was from the lower mob among society and that put him at a disadvantage. People did not give him respect because of how little his dad makes. He was used to going to a public school, so he had not experienced the close bonds to his classmates that occurs in private institutions. He managed alright in the beginning until religion came up. He was Jewish and the school he attended was Catholic. These rel igions conflict and he was discriminated against for his beliefs. He lost friends and respect because he believed differently. Whenever people are different, they suffer discrimination. This turn out true in School Ties.

To what extent was the treaty of Versailles

To what extent was the agreement of Versailles motivated by anti-German feeling? sy Rewaj123 Without incertitude it is clear that some of the countries held great antiGerman feelings during and after the war. Especially France, they held the highest lack of contriteness against the Germans. Whereas countries such as the United Kingdom and the USA wanted absolute majority peace throughout Europe and felt that peace was the main prey rather than subjoination of land etc.It is fundamentally clear that Frances ideas ursued in the accord was solely based on anti German feelings, They wanted to annex the Rhineland and, even worse, the burn production would be given to France with reparations On big top Of that. 3y taking their coal supply Germany will crumble. They already Owe funds from the war originally and With no m acey coming in, due to the coal annexation, the country Will arrive little incomeindustry.Consequently Germany Will not be able to deal With all these problems a nd cease to exist as a countr,q With France this is ultimately about the anti-German feelings seeing as hough Germany tried major annexation of land and a takeover of France, the feelings are completely understandable. Also one could argue that (article 231) the war guilt article was in any case triggered by anti-German feelings. They knew that the clause would cause extreme unrest In Germany and due to the blame Germany would have this would seriously affect the country as a whole, In the long-term.Britain certain a growing sympathy tor Germany whereas France thought It was being too lenient. so far It was also the situation created by the war that shaped the term of the treaty and not just anti-German feeling. It should be mentioned that it wasnt Just Germany but Austria-Hungary and Turkey also had to sign treaties, which shows It Isnt solely about antiGerman feelings. Plus the treaty has to sufficiently gruntle the other countries so German consequences were also inevitable. Personally I mobilize that the French ideas were motivated with antiGerman feelings but the other countries wanted what was best for theirs.

Skin Sensitivity

Block 5 Skin Sensitivity Lab Hypothesis The fingertips will be the some sensitive because they be used the most for denoteing things in all of the period. The electron orbit that will be the least sensitive is the shins because we are constantly bumping into things with our shins so they need to be less sensitive to pain. Data TEST indication Finger Tip Thumb Palm Back of Hand arm (inside) Fore- head Nose Back of Neck Shin 1 investigating + + + + - - + - - 1 mm + - + + + - + + - 3 mm + + + + - + + + + 5 mm + + + - + + + + + 10 mm + + + + - - + - + TOTALS 5 4 5 4 2 2 5 3 3 CLASS AVG 4. 3 4. 0 3. 3 2. 8 3. 0 2. 9 3. 0 3. 0 2. 9 death The most sensitive areas of my body were my fingertips, palm, and nose. The least sensitive areas of my body were my forearm and forehead.This partly supported my hypothesis because the fingertips were among the most sensitive but my shins were non the least sensitive. My results were fairly close to the rest of the class. The o nly two areas that were much than a point apart between my data and the class clean were my palms and my nose. These areas were more(prenominal) than sensitive to me than the rest of the class. Some areas might be more sensitive because they are involved with touching and bumping into things than others. For example my fingertips were far more sensitive than y forearms because I use them to touch things all the time and the touch receptors are more dense in them. It makes sense that touch receptors are more dense in areas that are involved in more touching than others. In places where a lot of bumping into things occurs such as the shins, touch receptors would be less dense because you wouldnt want to feel all that pain all the time. Meissners corpuscles are light touch receptors in the skin which are prone to touch sensitivity.They are hardened average under the epidermis, which makes sense because they are closer to the outside so they tolerate be more sensitive to light to uch. Pacinian corpuscles are touch receptors located deeper in the dermis in the skin that respond to touch and pressure. They are good for feeling rough surfaces and determining vibration. The location of these receptors are deeper in the skin because they are designed to feel pressure so when something pushes refine on the skin they can respond.The homunculus diagram is showing how the clement body would be built if it was in proportion to the amount of arresting and motor brain former needed to misrepresent each part. The detention and mouth are bigger because they require more brain power to control. In the somatosensory cortex diagram the mouth and hands are also bigger which might explain why the skin in both of these areas is more sensitive than in other parts of the body. In both diagrams the bigger body parts require more control from the brain and have more sensitive skin.

Child Labor Essay

The Industrial Revolution set off an garland of new improvements that were open to disasters. To begin, there was an increase of food supply. Not very much of money was spent on food as it normally would realise been, it was spent on manufactured goods too. Now that there was a nominate aim for manufactured goods, there was a demand for sketchers also. Better agricultural applied science left many farmers with proscribed jobs. That was non much of a problem because these workers could take the jobs in factories to operate the new machines that were previously invented.These former farming families had to croak to cities, while contributing to the new urbanization occurring. Except, when the families moved, the parents were not the only ones put to work in factories, tikeren were too. To avoid a life of poverty, children had to work in sweatshops, mines, or in the same factories as the rest of their family. The events that led up to child labor did not intend to turn into a nything vicious. However, as clock time went on, everything about child labor turned nonsensical.Money was not distributed as it should have been. Working out of home came with a dozen disadvantages. These elements both(prenominal) fabricated unpleasant consequences and insufficient laws. Despite few arguments in birth of child labor, it was ultimately unreasonable due to the unfair exchange of work and money, repulsive working conditions, and harmful effects it had in the long run, which last resulted in laws against this atrocity.Children working started off by doing minor chores to help out around the house. Parents needed the assistance, and it was not as if the chores were anything outrageous, so there were not many complaints. 2 In fact, most adults generally agreed upon children working. 3 Once children were of age, which was usually around five years old, they did whatever they could. 4 The young kids aided in family cottage industries or working in the fields. As they g ot older, their tasks alternated. 5 6 According to Alex Fyfe, who wrote an article on child labor, some of these more difficult tasks for teenagers included learning trading techniques that could be beneficial in the future. 7 These techniques could involve the basics on how to slyness so that he or she was enhancing more than the other person. The children could carry these methods to progress generations to ensure families received enough money. Eventually, instead of just working at home, children began going to work in factories, mines, or sweatshops in order to fixate paid. 8 This settlement was an important economic gain families had to have.

Harley Davidson Five Forces Analysis Essay

In our fork up militant world in the transaction where guest preferences ar endlessly changing, outlays of raw materials and cost of labour argon increasing and world(a) deli genuinely(prenominal) is becoming unst competent, it is continuously been a difficult task for companies to stay and coif business. And these barriers claim been a familiar scene in the global business. That is wherefore for most companies in order to overcome such of these difficult challenges, innovativeness and the desire to be very critical and most anticipative of the changes in the manufacture and the whole global economy is highly necessary.Just alike for Harley Davidson as the chief(prenominal)(prenominal) centralize of this pick out, in condemnation though the attach to currently naturalized itself for being the highly rated pedal brand in the world, it is still non enough for the ships connection to be relaxed and feel that they target be paid and enticing to the foodst uff as years goes on. That is why in this constitution it entrust directly taper on how do Harley Davidsons competitors atomic number 18 doing at the present, what be approximately of the strategies that they do to compete. With this training about the competitors, how does this information be riding habitd by the club in terms of opportunities for them to substance abuse it as a strategy against them?Also, making use of this information to handle future(a) threats as salubrious, this is in order for them to anticipate and digest some immediate actions. In the succor part of this paper, it will revolve about on how the caller-up great deal apply Porters fiver forces ray of light in order to continually achieve belligerent advantage over its competitors. Also at the spot part of this study it will discuss on how wheel companies like Harley Davidson, can still earn preceding(prenominal) fair return even though the company falls at the high-end market with m ore on the luxe and recreation side and non as necessity for customers.Also, with that, what are the actors or contri barelyors that will lead to that finish or will abet attain that goal? Study of Harley Davidsons Major Competitors As the pi superstarnesser and one of the oldest known brands in the motorcycle industry in the world, Harley Owners Group has been in the industry since 1983 and due to its increase influence worldwide, it already has over 1,000 chapters and over a million members worldwide. But, not all of its members own a bike it is just now the prestige and love about the Harley machines that make them decide to be a member.As one of the intensity level of the company, it has been continually establish its brand as the number one brand in the world, with over 5 billion USD annual revenue enhancement annually. In terms of its competitors, the companys of import competitors, most specially in terms of design are the following BMW, Victory, Honda, Suzuki a nd Yamaha, besides among these lists, Honda has bewilder the closest and toughest competitor of Harley Davidsons motorcycles. (Harley Davidson Motorcycle, n. d. ).With the companys main instruction on design, quality and most specially durability, it continuously has been in the head t separatelyer of the high-end and luxurious motorcycle business in the world. That is besides why 80% of the total revenue of the company comes from motorcycle sales. With regards to the companys competitor, even though the company clearly dominates the American market as its origin, which has registered in the 2006 market make do, the company has eaten up half of the market or 50% while far second and third are Honda and Suzuki with 15. 1% and 12. 9% respectively.But the question now is not just the American market moreover instead what this paper is focusing is what the competitors are doing in the global scene. Which is actually smaller, like for Canadian market, it drops to 38. 4% still rela tively high, but what is more alarming and makes to be focus on by the company is on the European market which is only 10. 2%, but still the company has a noticeably high market share globally as it generates at an average of 33%. And this is more alarming because it will also follows that the companys net revenue increase also shows very small in other major regions in the world.With this event, it is necessary for the company that it adopts to strengthen its presence in these main regional markets, because in the long run, it will be a fuss that the company postulate to focus on. The two main reasons why these competitors showtime to entice substantial number of customers are (1) they cook greater financial resources, like Honda and Suzuki, with their global presence, they arrive enough financial support in every region that they extend.Meaning to say these companies knows that they know how to make use of their money in enticing electromotive force customers and reta ining current customers as easily and they can even compete with price and that will soon be a serious problem with Harley Davidson, since the competition is on how to innovate with technologically funded studies that will still provide quality as well as make the product still not that so expensive.Lastly, (2) these companies, like Honda and Suzuki are obviously more diverse than Harley Davidson they sell a lot of products with a lot of brands and choices that customers can choose, from cars, to simple scooters up to high-end luxurious brands of motorbikes and not only that with wide variety of choices to choose from. This is another serious problem by the company in the long run, since these competitors knows how they can be well-trusted by the customers and if you made such products with quality in all of it, it will be a positive sign for these companies and that will create problem for the company.With these two main reasons, Harley Davidson needs to mull over a strategy that will address these problems in order not to further add problem in the future and also not to wait until the companys edge in the global market be removed or at least be reduced. Also, based on this study, the company must also tint forward in addressing these issues while they are still room to operate due to its continuing edge in the global market. (Harley Davidson (HOG), n. d. ). In the second part of this paper, the main focus is on how the company can efficaciously apply Porters fiver forces model in attaining competitive advantage.The five forces of Porters method that are popularly utilize by companies are (1) Potential entrants, (2) Buyers, (3) Substitutes, (4) Suppliers, and (5) Industry competitors. In each of these five forces, there is an important factor that contributes to the success or failure of each forces and this will be discussed separately as to how the company can effectively apply it. In the entry barrier, where it mainly focus on the potential entry of new products or brands, the company must impact to be very pro-active in this part as the competitors are becoming very self-asserting in this area.What Harley Davidson should do is to increase the customer awareness of their motorcycle brand in some of the regions that they are jump to have a very low market share like in the European and Asian market. Studying cost advantage and relatively access to dispersal are two of the most important focus that the company should do. Also, can be added to that is to have an in-dept study on the Government policies which might be the effect of low market share, because the territories that the company operates must also need to be well represented and not just putting up a business.In the rivalry determinants, which mainly focus on twain the industry competitors and new entrant forces, the company should be mainly focus as usual on how they can have advantage over its competitors by not only anticipating future challenges and innovatio n that their competitors may figure out but also be able to establish a well defined marketing and research and development study that will help the company confident enough in dealing with the market.particularly, the factors that it needs to focus are industry growth, always consider on the potentials in the business and be first in formulating it to the market, product differences, at this maneuver, which is already been the strength of the company, but still needs to do more and that is innovativeness where it also been the main focus of its competitors. The company must look on how they can provide its clients new and very attractive designs, but it should also have to look on the cost side as well.And finally, is switching costs, for any company there should also be some intelligent cost study on how the company can still be appreciated by the customers and these can either come from service and parts and of course these should be well accompanied with excellent service an d availability of parts which is also a big factor during actual competition. In the side of threat, what the company should look closely on how the innovative trend and pricing strategy trend that competitors is doing.Most of the time these is what is being target to Harley Davidson, since it has been accepted as a very expensive brand and at the equal time more on respecting traditional design, competitors compete through these factors. So, what the company needs is that they have to anticipate these by introducing new and innovative styles and at the same time study some possibilities of offering some not so high cost brands which may also give additional leverage for the company.Another important study and important advantage of Porters Five Forces is supplier power, in this side it is also important for the company not only to look for the most efficient supplier but also study closely in terms of cost. Harley Davidson must be careful in forming up agreement with suppliers. L ike they can have global partnership with some suppliers, most specially if some of these suppliers are proven that they serve the company well. This reduces the cost by having different suppliers in the different regions.That is why there are two ways that the company may apply (1) the company must carefully look into suppliers that are effectively perform for the company, if there is, Harley Davidson must look into how they can formulate a global partnership in order to lessen the cost. And lastly (2) the company must also re-visit some suppliers that are not performing well and be able to replace it or make some discover arrangement on how the company as well as the partner can have a more favourable output. Lastly, in terms of buyer concern, where two of the important force involved, buyers and competitors.At this point these are the greatest challenges that the company must look at since the competitors are very aggressive in this area, most specially in the price sensitivity and not much on the bargaining leverage. Price is always a problem with the company, since it continuously in the high-end brands. What the company should do is on how they can study on introducing brands that may target other markets which will still not compromise quality and cost. In the bargaining leverage, the company must look on how they can provide some develop offers for some big markets, like in terms of wholesalers.Lastly, with regards to the question how can motorcycle companies like Harley Davidson, where its business falls more on luxurious and recreation brand of products which also targets high-end markets, which the question is on how they can continue to earn above average returns. It is obvious that for company like Harley Davidson, they have to focus more on how to deal with innovations is one aspect that they need to do. By strengthening its research and development and the usual attention to customer needs and preference is the key to continually achieve abov e average returns.Most specially the latter where still it is considered as the most important factor in the business. The main actors or contributors that needs to work on this one in order for it to materialize are the following (1) gilds human resources, which means that it should continually strengthen the technical expertise of the company, and lastly, (2) is to build partnership with some of the global and most recognized industries or companies which is what is lacking with Harley Davidson.People expertise and partnership through reliable and very influential companies are very important to the success of companys these days. That is why with the help of the management team and its top executives, they need to recognized it as the main key to continually have a better return in the business. Conclusion In this study, it shows that for any company to get going in this very competitive world of business, companys needs to be sensitive enough in understanding the competition and on how they can overcome it.In this paper it shows that even company like Harley Davidson, who still has substantial edge in the market, it still needs to be aggressive and continue to study on how they can attain competitive advantage. Like what resulted in this study that even though the company seems to have control in the American market, competitors are however starting to focus on targeting on market outside the American region, which shows that the company starting to slow down and competitors like Honda and Suzuki are rising up.This also resulted that due to financial capabilities and diverse status of these competitors which starting to give problem to Harley Davidson. That is why the company must look on these growing advantages and be able to formulate a strategy that can offset it. In the second part of this paper, it also shows that in order for the company to be aggressive and effectively achieve competitiveness, Porters five forces has been presented and for each forces, there are important discussions on how the company can apply it effectively and efficiently.