Immigration and Islam Netherlands and France

Immigration and Islam in France and the Netherlands After the post-war, WWII, era europium faced a dearth of labor, at the same time it had to reconstruct its infrastructure and economy. France and Netherlands both(prenominal) faced the same problem and like their counterparts in Europe they found the assist in lymph node-workers. These guest workers were immigrants from former colonies and some other developing countries. However, these guest-workers subsequently sett take down and brought their families. This led to a larger influx of immigrations. The largest, about signifi alonetockst, and most controversial be the Islamic immigrants.This cartoon will focus on the disparate approaches of consolidation France and the Netherlands subscribe to implemented, the growing unlikeness of Moslem immigrants, and the authority Islam has in this dilemma. France had a long colonial history in the Maghreb, North Africa, mainly Algeria. To fill in this gap many male immigr ants flocked to France in need of work. There was also a large immigration from the Mediterranean, Turkey, in this case. The largest neutralize of french immigrants arouse been Algerians and others from the Maghreb.Netherlands, similar to the cut had immigrants from the Mediterranean, Maghreb, and former colonies (Surinam and Antilles) the largest group being Turkish and Moroc posterior immigrants. These immigrants became a large gene in the rebuilding of the economy merely as the economy slowed immigration became more(prenominal)(prenominal) of a problem for horse opera European countries. France proposed an socialisation model, where it endingorsed pluralism in the confidential sphere. The Laicite, the breakup of Church and State/private and national played a large spot in the French system of assimilation.In the public sphere you were expected to be French in language and ideals. The private sphere was left for your own beliefs and customs. This lav be make up one s mindn in the expression of symbols in the public schools, where wearing the veil is non totallyowed because it nemesisens this division of public and private. However, this still doesnt explain the dilemma that many put to work or tertiary generation French citizens from immigrant backgrounds face. even out though they ar French, they ar not accepted by the systemaccordingly because they still arent French enough.This creates disparity on both sides the French politicize this dilemma by taking a harder stance on immigration and assimilation, giving rise to reactionist parties like National Front chthonic Le Pen. (GS, page 123) The immigrants unfortunately at times result to violent riots in protest and anger at the difference they face. The end result being stricter immigration regulations, more assimilation, and seeing Islam as inconsistent to European standards. The Netherlands have the same end results besides have come to them from a totally different backgroun d.The Netherlands has endorsed a multicultural integration from the beginning. (Coenders, M. , Lubbers, M. , Scheepers, P. , & Verkuyten, M. (C. L. S. V)) The Netherlands have been one of the first off in democracy and looseism, ranking third in the world. Its capital, Amsterdam, is the hub broad and free lifestyle. Since the 2000s homosexual marriage and euthanasia have been legalized. (GS 192) Compared to Frances full assimilation the Netherlands has plant forward a multiculturalism approach, moreover this has taken a drastic change in the last decade, especially against Muslim immigrants.In the early 2000s Pim Fortuyn, a attractor of anti-immigration and pro-assimilation party (Liveable Netherlands and latter List Pim Fortuyn), voiced his opinion on Islam being a backwards religion and a threat to liberal European/Dutch ideals. Even though both countries had different policies of integration they both ended up in the same situation against Muslim immigration. How pot th ese phenomena be explained in these democracies that embrace liberal ideals? For it was France, that in 1789, coined the motto, All men are born free and equal, just now it can be seen that moderately men are born more free and equal than others.The realistic meshing theory explains this situation as a reaction to mercenary scarcity jobs and housing. In the post-war era there was a unneeded of jobs and also the need of cheap labor, the immigrants speed in and filled these positions. However, after the diminish of the economic boom employment became scarcer. This led to higher un-employment rates and the native citizens started to see immigrants as a threat, leading to discrimination and pro-assimilation. Though this does explain a profound factor, there is still the growth of anti-Islamic sentiments.The Muslims arent the only immigrants in France or Netherlands, simply they are the ones who face the blunt of the attention. (C. L. S. V) So the realistic conflict theory tra vel short in explaining this. More than deuce Decades of Changing ethnical Attitudes in the Netherlands, a study mounte to explain the attitudes the Dutch had on immigration, saw that social and ideologic contents also affect mints lookout man as much as materialistic means. (C. L. S. V) This gives explanation to far-right parties such(prenominal) as List Pim Fortuyn and Le Pen.The parties that use anti-Islamic and anti-immigration sentiments as political platforms, they play on the fears of the people. Yet, how is it that these fears can grow and flourish in such liberal and democratic societies, the Heralds of Democracy? plenty fear what they jadet understand. Islam is this other and the media and politicians play on this. The Muslim immigrant populations dont help either because they themselves are in a transition phase. They are trying to find a appearance to live with an Islamic background and westernmostern ideals. Some see total assimilation as an answer others find a compromise and yet others turn to radicalism.This fight down has been going on since the mid-19th century, among the west and Islam. Some essentialists like Huntington and Fukuyama, see this as the next power struggle for the westside after the fall of the Soviet Union, The coppice of Civilizations. According to some 9/11 and other terrorists acts just prove this theory, however even though there are radicals, they are in the minority. The majority of Muslims dont have problem with the West, most even are pro-Western, they stand democracies and liberal views. Maybe, it is not the same as Europe or America only when they are trying to find the middle(a) ground and negotiate between the two.This is no different for the immigrants in France or Netherlands. Ahmet Yukleyen in his study of social movements in the Netherlands has focused on Turkish immigrants and the role sacred movements have played a role in their lives. His studies show that there is not one Islamic front in E urope or a Euro-Islam as some have back up. Even though the Islamic community is one ummah, they all interpret and practice Islam in slightly different ways. The fundamental tenets are the same, but Islam is flexible according to time and taper taken from a historic or even contemporary perspective this can be seen. Euro-Islam was supposed to be the liberal Islam for European standards, the Islam with lacite, secular Islam. This view has been supported by pro-assimilates, like France. However, this didnt turn out to be true because it would have compromised too much from Islam, it would no weeklong be Islam. What happened, like in the Netherlands, was that people joined different social/religious movements and institutions. This was truer for second and third generation Turks, who matte up the need of religion more than Turkish nationalism in their lives. They saw themselves as Dutch, liberal and democratic in their views but still Muslim.Yukleyen, names a a couple of(prenomina l) organizations, like Milli Gorus, the Gulen Movement, and Suleymanli. Each movement represents different set of ideals but each represents a facet of Islamic life in Europe. It also shows that Muslims can negotiate between European and Islamic ideals, finding a niche their society. Not only that, but by having dialogue and inter-faith organizations an atmosphere of adjustment and multiculturism can flourish. Maybe, dialogue and negotiation is the answer to the dilemma facing Europe and the Muslim immigrants, the inability to understand one another. discipline Cited Coenders, M. Lubbers, M. , Scheepers, P. , & Verkuyten, M. (2008). More than Two Decades of Changing Ethnic Attitudes in the Netherlands. Journal of Social Issues,64(2), 269-285. inside10. 1111/j. 1540-4560. 2008. 00561. x. Maillard, Dominique (2005). The Muslims in France and the French Model of Intergration. Mediterranean Quarterly. Yukleyen, A. (2009). Localizing Islam in Europe Religious Activism among Turkish Isl amic Organizations in the Netherlands. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs,29(3), 291-309. doi10. 1080/13602000903166556. E. Gene Frankland. (2009). global Studies Europe. McGraw Hill Companies.